Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compile and analyze certain information that has been previously published in the ‘The Global Go To Think Tanks Index Report’. Designed/methodology approach: The analytical approach was used to analyze the past 10 years of published data of ‘The Global Go To Think Tanks Index Report’ from 2011 to 2020. The analysis includes the year-wise distribution pattern and quantity of think tanks worldwide, particularly India. It also consists of the percentage growth of these think tanks, especially the growth of different policy think tanks in India. Research limitation(s): The research is confined to only 10 years of ‘The Global Go To Think Tanks Index Report’ publications spanning from 2011 to 2020, and no other aspects were considered for this particular research paper. Key finding(s): According to the findings of the research, at the end of the decade, i.e., the year 2020, there were a total of 11175 think tanks from all over the world, out of which 612 were think tanks from India that featured in the GGTTI Report. The research also revealed that from 2011to 2020, think tanks in India had a growth of 110%, while it was a 70% overall growth of think tanks worldwide. The Indian think tanks have seen a rise from 2014, while think tanks worldwide have seen a gradual rise till 2016 and then a significant rise from 2016 to 2019, with a spike from 2019 to 2020. Practical implication(s): Policy making is a complex process, and think tanks are major players in policy making. However, their role and approach have not been studied or taken into consideration. This study identified the gap and loopholes in the existing study and understanding of think tanks by examining their growth. The analysis will create awareness among potential authors, readers, policymakers, experts, and analysts. This study will attempt to understand the scope and importance of think tanks. Contribution to knowledge: The research attempted to highlight the contribution of ‘The Global Go To Think Tanks Index Report’s to the field of think tanks and their study. This study attempts to serve as a source of guidance for novice researchers interested in the analysis of research outputs of various think tanks and their scholarly databases. It also contributes to the academic world to assist and extend the boundaries of knowledge. Paper type: Research. Keywords): Reports; The Global Go To Think Tanks Index Report’, Analytical Research, Quantitative Research.

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Altheide, D. L. (1996). Qualitative Media Analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Denzin, N. K. & Lincoln, Y. S. (eds) (1994). Handbook of Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Fielding, N. G. & Lee, R. M. (eds) (1991). Using Computers in Qualitative Research. London: Sage. Feldman. M. S. (1994). Strategies for Interpreting Qualitative Data. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Kelle, U. (ed.) (1995). Computer-Aided Qualitative Data Analysis: Theory, Methods, and Practice. London: Sage.

The Indian folk medicine practice is based on the use of plant extracts. Many phytochemicals like alkaloids,flavonoids,steroids, phenolics, terpenoids and saponins are isolated from the roots of medicinal plants like Ruellia tuberosa L. and Alangium salvifolium (L.F.) Wang. The plant and plant products are known for their therapeutic uses from thousands of years. In folk medicine it has been used as diuretic, Antipyretic, antidiabetic and analgesic agent. The plants are being used as medicinal plants as it is effective against many infectious diseases. The Ruellia tuberosa L. of family Acanthaceae and Alangium salvifolium (L.F.) of family Alangiaceae were studied for its antibacterial properties against pathogenic bacteria . During the present study Aqueous and Methanolic extract of roots of Ruellia tuberosa L. and root extract of Alangium salvifolium (L.F.) are used. Root extracts were evaluated for their antibacterial activity. The antibacterial study was carried out by disc diffusion method against the pathogens Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus auerus, Salmonella typhi, Proteus vulgaris and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. To evaluate the antibacterial activity methanol and aqueous extracts were used. The maximum zone of inhibition was observed in methanol extract as compared to aqueous extract for each bacterium was as Methanolic extract of roots of medicinal plants showed the zone of inhibition against the studied bacteria were S.typhi (12 mm), K. pneumoniae (15 mm), Proteus vulgaris (22 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18 mm) and Staphylococcus aureus(14 mm), and Escherichia coli.(12 mm).The present study demonstrates that the selected medicinal plants have antibacterial potential.

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Bipul Biswas, Kimberly Rogers, Fredrick McLaughlin, and Dwayne (2013). Antimicrobial activities of leaf extracts of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) on two gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Int. J. of Microbiology. Aricle ID 746165. 7 pages. WC Evans, 14th edn. Trease and Evans Pharmacognosy. Harcount Brace and Company Asia Ltd., India (1997).

Interest is an important factor that motivates and energizes the learning of students. The present study investigated the enhancement of mathematical interest through visual mapping programming of 9th-standard students. Here the 50 experimental samples were drawn from Bengali medium in West Bengal Board of Secondary Education School of Howrah District West Bengal State. One group of pre and post-test experimental designs were adopted. A standardized mathematical interest scale by Dr. Uma Tandon and Ashok Pal was used for pre and post-test to measure the mathematical interest of 9th-standard students. Visual mapping programs were developed by the researchers. The hypothecation was tested by using z-score analysis and objectives were answered by using mean SD and feedback sheet of students. The finding was a significant difference in the enhancement of interest in the mathematics of students. Thus, it can be concluded that the visual mapping program enhanced students’ interest in mathematics. Keywords: Visual mapping, concept mapping, mind mapping, thinking maps, mathematical interest.

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Arends R. Learning to teach. New York: McGraw Hill; 2007. Ausubel, D.P. (1962), A subsumption theory of meaningful verbal learning and retention. The Journal of General Psychology, 66,213- 244. Ausubel D.P. (1968) Educational psychology: A cognitive view. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston. A Azmidar*, D Darhim and J A Dahlan (2017), Enhancing Students’ Interest through Mathematics Learning. International Conference on Mathematics and Science Education. doi :10.1088/1742-6596/895/1/012072.

Constructivism and its socio-philosophical implications for education were the subject of the current investigation. A connotative term is constructivism. It denotes a variety of attributes, including good, beneficial, advantageous, cooperative, creative, practical, useful, productive, valuable, and worthwhile. Construct means to create anything by joining several elements. It is a theory or a conviction supported by various pieces of evidence. It is a constructed or created idea or object. Constructivism is a sophisticated, dynamic, and all-encompassing idea. It is a post-modern strategy that is also relative. It is the procedure or approach used to create something novel and inventive. Keywords: Constructivism, Socio-Philosophical Implication, Innovative.

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Alt, D. (2016). Contemporary constructivist practices in higher education settings and academic motivational factors. Australian Journal of Adult, 56(3), 45-52. Best, J.W., & Kahn, J.V. (2006). Research in Education (10th ed), Chicago, Pearson Publication. Chaipicait, D.; Jantharajit,N.; Chookhampaeng, S. (2015). Development of learning management model based on constructivist theory and reasoning strategies for enhancing the critical thinking of secondary students. Educational Research and Reviews, 10(16), 2324-2330

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MHRD, NEW DELHI; NEP, 2020(summary) MHRD, NEW DELHI; Draft NEP, 2020 Kaithal, P.S. (2020); Analysis of Indian NEP 2020 towards achieving it's objectives;IJMTS; Vol 5, No. 2, pp.22-31

Human rights is the most fundamental of all rights. Human rights have many provisions relating to women empowerment. Women empowerment is the process of treating the women with same status with that of men in all the fields of society. Our constitution provided several articles and implemented various programs for empowering women. Here we discussed about some views and thoughts related to the discrimination against women in our society. But still they are not empowered they need more awareness programs for empowerment.

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Employee Engagement is just as critical for both workers and additionally the business. All real associations concur that there is an association between employee engagement and productivity increment through engaging employees in the workplace which prompts increment in yield, expanded deals, purchaser joy, and representative maintenance. Employee engagement is imperative keeping in mind the end goal to shape an enthusiastic association in the middle of representatives and the organization which affects their state of mind towards the organization's customers, and along these lines, it also enhances consumer loyalty and administration levels. This paper attempts to understand the concept and significance of Employee engagement. It further aims to present the case of Sidmak Laboratories (I) Pvt. Ltd. with reference to the Employee Engagement Practices. A Case study approach was conducted with the help of an independent study done at Sidmak Laboratories by the Researcher as an Internship project. Employee Engagement is pretty essential for Human Resources, an engaged employee potentially performs better than a non-engaged employee. Various engagement practices at the Organisation helps the Human Resources to engage further and contribute better. Key Words: Employee Engagement, Employee Engagement Practices, HRM, Training & Development, Employee Satisfaction.

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Madhura Bedarkar & Deepika Pandita (2014), A Study On The Drivers Of Employee Engagement Impacting Employee Performance, Procedia - Social And Behavioural Sciences, 2014 Dr L. Leo Franklin (2015), A Study On Effectiveness Of The Employee Engagement, International Journal Of Business Quantitative Economics And Applied Management Research, Volume 2, Issue 3, August 2015

Pedagogical content knowledge is a type of knowledge held by teachers that not only explains how to effectively teach content (knowledge of pedagogy), but also unravels the teachers' understanding of the content. The goal of this study was to see if there was a link between teachers' pedagogical content knowledge and pedagogical skills and their pedagogical design capacity. There were Selected 200 teachers’ from the different secondary schools of Nalanda District. The purposive sampling technique was used in the study. Data was collected via a questionnaire, and data was analyzed Pearson’s correlation. The findings demonstrated a modest and substantial link between teachers’ pedagogical skills and content knowledge and pedagogical design capacity. It was found that there was a significant and moderate relationship between secondary school teachers ' pedagogical skills and their content knowledge, as well as a positive relationship between secondary school teachers content knowledge , and pedagogical design and positive relationship between pedagogical skills and pedagogical design capacity . Key Words: Pedagogical Skills, Content Knowledge, Pedagogical Design Capacity

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Abell, S. K. (2007). Research on science teacher knowledge. In S. K. Abell & N. G. Lederman (Eds.), Handbook of research on science education (pp.1105-1151). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum- um Associates. Abuseji, F. A. (2007). Student and teacher-related variables as determinants of secondary school students’ academic achievement in chemistry. Journal Pendidikan, 32, 3–18.

The school's morning assembly provides a cool and disciplined beginning to the day's usually busy programme. It might be a way to convey and transform significant knowledge and ideals to the pupils. It provides a time of meditation before the workday begins, the school community gathers, and the assembly turns into a vehicle for addressing significant things to one another. The aim of this study is to emphasise the importance of morning assembly and the role of head masters, physical teachers in organising and maintain morning assemblies in schools. The concept of morning assembly is mentioned at the start of the article followed by importance, role of headmaster and physical education teacher and then suggestions how to conduct morning assembly. Key Words: Morning assembly, curriculum, importance, Head masters, physical education teachers

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Arnon, S. & Reichel, N. (2007). teachers and teaching: Theory and Practice, 13 (5): 441-464. Arrighi, M. A. & Young, J.C. (1987). Teacher perceptions about effective and successful teaching. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 6 (2):122-135. Barone, T.N. (2004). Moral dimensions of teacher student interactions in Malaysian secondary schools. Journal of Moral Education 33(2), 179-196.

Rasa shastra is the branch in Ayurveda which deals with the use of Parada and other rasadravyas. Purification and samskaras are important processes on these dravyas in order to improve their efficacy and potency. Asamskarita shuddha Parada does not possess the desired potency; it needs to undergo special procedures named as Parada Ashta samskar. Parada Ashta Samskaras as Swedana, Mardana, Murchhana, Utthapana, Patana, Rodhana, Niyamana and Dipana are meant to make parada combine easily with other rasadravyas and also enhance its own properties. Each samskara specifies aims and objective of the method. In classical Ayurvedic texts, total Ashtadasha means 18 samskaras of parada are mentioned of which first eight samskaras are meant for Dehavada i.e. potentiating mercury for therapeutic purpose. The aim of each shodhana samskar is as follows : Swedana does Dosha Shithilikarana ( Loosening of the Doshas ), Mardana is Bahirmala vinashanam ( eradicate the Bahya Mala ), Murchhana is Nashtapishtatva karakam ( coversion of mercury from natural form to Pishta / Kalka form ), Utthapana is Swarup Aapadanam ( Regains its lost natural form ),in Patana samsakar, Parada gets rid of Naga, Vanga etc Doshas, Bodhana is to remove Klaibyatva of Parada ( Impotency of Parada ), Niyamana is to remove Chapalatwa i.e. Niyantrana, Deepana is to make Parada Grasarthi or Bubhukshita i.e to boost up its appetite. Hence, the literature study is focused on first Ashta Samskaras. Key words: Ayurveda, Rasashastra, Parada, Samskara, Ashtasamskaras,

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https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/ayurveda https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3252715/) Charak Samhita Vimana Sthana Dr. Ravindra Angadi, A Textbook of Rasa shastra , Chaukhambha Surbharati Prakashan, Reprint edition 2018, Chapter 10, page no. 99.

2020 is a hard time for the global community around the globe. This COVID-19 Pandemic has shut down the entire world and has resulted in a tremendous crisis. It is the virtual world that has come to the rescue. It has not only enormous consequences but having a devastating impact on global education. Everyone shifting to the digital arena in the education sector. Online learning has dramatically changed the learning process, replacing traditional face-to-face interaction and gaining ground around the globe. Online learning at home requires children to rely on intrinsic motivation and self-directed learning. Parents play a fundamental role in supporting children’s learning. The study explores the perception of parents of online learning during deadly Corona Virus Disease-19. For this purpose, a survey has been organized using a five-point Likert scale to collect data from parents through WhatsApp, one of the social media application software. This study has been conducted by taking a sample of 52 parents of children who are studying from pre-nursery to fifth class. The data has been analyzed with the help of Google forms qualitatively. As a response of parents due to the COVID-19 crisis, this study indicated that the majority of parents are capable to support their child’s learning at home but some parents considered that homeschooling is a burden for their child. Nearly one-third of them reported that their child becomes techno-savvy through online learning but the concentration level of the child has reduced. Half of them (50%) considered that they help their child in his/her homework to reduce academic stress. Also, the findings lay bare that an equal number of respondents reveal that online learning make their children independent but they also have views that the purpose of online learning is just to collect fees from parents. Nearly less than half of the parents receive all the information from the child’s teacher to support online learning. Keywords: Perception of parents, Online learning, Coronavirus disease (COVID-19

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Ali, N. (2020). Home Learning in Times of COVID: Experiences of Parents, Journal of Education and Education Development, 7(1),9-26. Retrieved from : DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.22555/Joeed.v7i.3260 Chandra, Y., (2020). Online Education during COVID-19: Perception of Academic Stress and Emotional intelligence Coping Strategies among College Students.‘Asian Education Development Studies’, ISSN:2046-3162. Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/AEDS-05-2020-0097

Dr.B.R.Ambedkar Social equality is a concept seldom fully achieved, whereby all members of a society have completely equal treatment, opportunity and access to resources. There would be few separating strata, such as differentiations between genders, races, religious groups, or income that give some people more opportunities than others. This is different than socialism, where everyone has approximately the same amount of resources. Instead, true social equality means that no matter what society members have or who they are, they are treated equally and have equal opportunities. The idea of social equality is often intimately tied to concepts of egalitarianism in both of its forms. This concept either represents the sense, from a political standpoint, that all people deserve equal rights and treatment, or it is a movement that proposes a society should specifically direct its resources toward promoting equality of wealth. The latter stance is more of a socialistic approach, and the former is something adopted by many countries. It’s argued that the two definitions are related, because in so many societies, wealth confers additional power, and without addressing income inequities, there can be no true social equality. Social equality means that all the citizens are entitled to enjoy equal status in society and no one is entitled to special privileges. There should not be any distinction of caste and creed, colour and race, groups and classes, clans and tribes All should have an equal opportunity to develop his personality. All citizens In India enjoy social equality. Key Words: Social Philosophy, Democracy, Untouchables.

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Agarwal, Sudarshan. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, the Man and His Message: A Commemorative Volume. Prentice Hall of India, 1991. Agarwal,J.C. (2001), Education in Emerging India, Delhi: Dooha House. p.26. Ambedkar, B. R. (1987), Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Writing and Speeches Vol. 3, Bombay: Department of Education, Government of Maharashtra.

India is basically country of villages. Our entire system is based on the villages. Besides the increasing urban population, after more than seven decades of independence our economy is depending on agro based. Presently, more than Seventy percent of the population still resides in the villages. Keeping in broader prospect of Indian society, rural development is one of the major aspects of India System. Without rural development, development of Indian society is not possible. Our past experience proves that without participation of rural masses, rural development is not possible. Hence there is close relationship between the Panchayti raj Institutions and rural development. Panchayats have been the backbone of grassroots democracy in the Indian villages from ancient times. The 73rd constitutional Amendment Act granted constitutional status to the grassroots system and gave more powers to implementation of rural development programmes, policies and schemes. Himachal Pradesh is one of ideal state of India. It came in to being on 15th April 1948. Before the formation of Himachal Pradesh, no attention was paid to economic development and social welfare of the people in princely states. Only some efforts were made by the rulers in their states. The systematic evaluation of resources and their scientific exploitation was started in only after the formation of Himachal Pradesh as full-fledged state. It is only then that the people and the government of the Pradesh started making concerted efforts to improve socio economic condition of the people. Present paper evaluates the role of Panchayats in rural development in Himachal Pradesh. The study is based on the secondary data. Keywords: Panchayats, Rural development, Himachal Pradesh, 73rd Amendment Act

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Atri, Dr. Rajender. (2000), Introduction to Himachal Pradesh. Shimla: Sarla Publication, 2000. Gupta, R.(2004). Himachal Pradesh.New Delhi: Ramesh Publishing House, 2004. Jain,L.C. Krishnamurthy, B.V Tripathi,P.M (1984). Grass without Roots; Rural Development under Government. New Delhi: Sage Publications.

HIV/AIDS has rapidly established throughout the worlds over the past three decades and has emerged as the important public health problem. Youth are at greater risk of acquiring infection because of changing behavior pattern. More than one third of reported cases of HIV/AIDS in India are among youth. The purpose of this study was to assess the awareness regarding HIV/AIDS among tourism students of Himachal Pradesh University. In this study 30 tourism students both girls and boys from Master Course (first and third semester of Himachal Pradesh selected as sample.The HIV/AIDS awareness tool developed by Kumar (2020) was used to collect the data. The t-test statistical technique was used to analyze the data. The result showed that there is significant difference in the awareness level related to HIV/AIDS among tourism students of university. Keywords: Awareness, University Students, Tourism, Awareness, HIV/AIDS.

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Brian Saludes Bantugan, Sharon Candy Manguerra-Mahusay, and Oliver Neil Rodriguez (2021). Comparing HIV-AIDS Awareness among College Students in St. Paul University Manila International Journal of Arts and Social Science, Volume 4 Issue 6. Clark L.R. Jakson; M. Taylor L. A. (2002).Adolescent’s knowledge about transmitted diseases. Sex Transm Dis, 436.

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The present study is an attempt to understand the problems and issues faced by the fishing community in Kendrapara district of Odisha. The study mainly focused on the reasons behind their deprivation and poor condition. The data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. The fishermen are mainly dependent on fishing as their only source of livelihood. The fishermen have various problems faced in their daily life cycle. So, they are mostly from merchants where the interest rate is high and they become poor. The food, poor healthcare, poor sanitation, and increased intake of alcohol were found to be the major issues. The most important thing changing the climate is seasonal unemployment. We all know fishermen are in the domain of economic and social backward sector of society. The majority of the fishermen do not have their boats. The majority of them work as daily wage labor. Consequently, the absolute benefits of fishing are enjoyed by rich boat owners instead of the daily waged fishermen. Keywords: Fishermen, Seasonal Unemployment, Indebtedness, Health Problem, Food Insecurity

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Das,M.R.,Roy,S.,Kumar,U.,Begam,S.,Tarafdar,S.R.(2015),Livelihood Assessment of the Fishermen Community in the South West Region of Bangladesh”, Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences, 3 (4), 353-361. Sethy,S.,Nayak ,D. (2020) “Livelihood Activities among the Marine Fishermen Community in Odisha”, Journal of Internationalscience and Research,9(4),769-775.

Test of e-learning related attitudes (TeLRA) scale developed by D.H. Kisanga and G. Ireson Nottingham Trent University, United Kingdom published in International Journal of Education and Development using information and communication technology (IJEDICT), 2016, Vol.12,issue1,pp 20-36 was used to study the attitude in relation to four areas as: Challenges of e-learning, benefits from e-learning, Attitude on using computer systems and leisure interest on e-learning and use of computers systems. The present study was conducted through descriptive survey method. The targeted population for this study comprised of all rural and urban student teachers of various educational institutions of Shimla city including Department of Education, Himachal Pradesh University. A sample of 400 and female student teachers were given ( TeLRA) scale in the form of Google form online. Out of these 218 student teachers (109rural and 109urban) were taken as sample. t-test was computed for the statistical analysis of the data. Finding indicates that Rural and urban student teachers do not differ significantly on any of the factor of e-learning. Further from the mean values, the inference can be drawn that rural student teachers shows similar kind of attitude towards e-learning as compared to urban student teachers and are well known to the benefits from e-learning, also they have shown leisure interest on e-learning and are comfortable in using computer systems. But rural student teachers are found to be more comfortable on using computer systems as compared to its counterpart. Keywords: Attitude, TeLRA scale, e-learning

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COL (Commonwealth of Learning), 2003. “A Virtual University for Small States of the Commonwealth”. 15th Conference of Commonwealth Education Ministers Edinburgh, October 2003, Edinburgh. Scotland: Commonwealth of Learning. Dhamija, Neelam. "Attitude of Undergraduate Students Towards the use of e-Learning." MIER Journal of Educational Studies, Trends and Practices 4.1 (2016): 123-125. Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. 1980. “Understanding Attitudes and Predicting Social Behaviour”. USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Informational Communication Technology (ICT) increasing digital eLearning and teaching practices as well as how the educators handling their administrative work. Students and teachers are large amount of digital data and information and trace in various educational application and learning management platforms and educational administrator systems. In such a background in recent years have been emergency of fast growing and multi-disciplinary field of learning analytics. Institutional database and virtual learning environment (also known as learning management system). The rise of big data in education is accompanied by an increase in take-up of online and blended teaching and learning, and by growth in the numbers of learner worldwide learning informally using open educational resources (OERs) massive open online courses (MOOCs). There is therefore a world interest in ways optimizing learning in theses settings. In this paper, we examine the research efforts that have been conducted in the field of learning analytics in IIS Jubail as eLearning research projects and developed research strands with selected classes from KG to 5. The main conclusion of this paper is to adoption of strategies for learning analytics. Keywords— OERs, MOOCs, KG–Kindergarten, ICT-Information Communication Technology, Education.

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ET2020 (2016). Learning Analytics – Key messages. report, European Commission. Available online at https://ec.europa.eu/education/sites/education/files/2016-pla-learning- analytics_en.pdf. Ferguson, R. (2012). Learning analytics: drivers, developments and challenges. International Journal of Technology Enhanced Learning, 4(5/6), 304-317. https://doi.org/ 10.1504/ijtel.2012.051816 Ferguson, R., Brasher, A., Clow, D., Cooper, A., Hillaire, G., Mittelmeier, J., & Rienties, B. (2016). Research Evidence on the Use of Learning Analytics. Tech. Rep.

The purpose of the study was to assess the writing difficulties in English among the upper primary school students in relation to their gender, locale and type of management of school. The sample consisted of 400 hundred upper primary students from different schools in Kerala. The research used descriptive survey method. The result of the study revealed that unaided school students have less writing difficulties than government and aided school students. The students from rural schools have low writing difficulties than the students of town area schools. Key words: Learning difficulties, English writing

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Allen and Cambell (1978). Teaching English as a second language. New York:MC Graw hill.Inc Baruah, T.C. (2005). The English Teachers Handbook. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers Pvt.Ltd. Nakra, Onita (1998).Children with Learning Difficulties. New Delhi: Allied Publishers Ltd. Rozario, Joe; Karanth, Prathibha(2004). Learning Disabilities in India. New Delhi: Sage Publications.

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Health is directly connected with the welfare of the human being as this sector is the most important social service sector. The key focus of this sector is to reap the demographic dividend to produce healthy workforce and do social welfare of a State. The J&K performed very well in providing medical & health amenities to the people, but it is still below the satisfaction level. The development of health infrastructure in the state is measured through health infrastructure i.e., availability of dispensaries, doctors and hospitals. The State shows good outcomes in Crude Birth Rate, Institutional Births, life expectancy and Infant Mortality Rate. Government is running various programs to ensure the health care facilities and infrastructure for public health care but there is lack of the resources and manpower as per requirements. The population of India is the main hindrance on the way to ensure public health cares. Keywords: Public Health, Health Infrastructure, CBR, CDR, Health Amenities.

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Bose, M. (2017). Pattern of Morbidity and Access to Healthcare in West Bengal (Doctoral Thesis), University of North Bengal, India. Saha, A.K & Dua D . (2016). Attitude of Patients towards Public Healthcare Services in Kolkata Metropolitan Area an Empirical Approach. Journal of Health Management, 18(3). S. Monika (2016). Urban Health Research in Africa: Themes and Priority Research Questions. Journal of Urban Health, 93(4), 722–730.

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Mishra, Shalini and Jain, Vertika. (2019) Triple Talaq - Islamisation of Women And Global Perspective, Published by Gazala Parveen in Constitutional law, Family Law, GEneral, Guest port, Weekly Competition-Week 3 December 2019. Kushwaha Prateek, (2018) "The Journey of Triple, Talaq in India" : Vol.-4, Issue- 2, (2018). Qadri Nasir (2018) Analysis of Triple Talaq Judgement Passed by Indian Supreme Court, Dec 8, 2018.

Socio-personal Adjustment is defined as the interaction of organisms with other organisms and to their collective co-existence, irrespective of whether they are aware of it or not, and irrespective of whether the interaction is voluntary or non-voluntary. The population under study is prospective teachers at secondary level. The study was conducted on a sample of 900 prospective teachers at secondary level drawn from teacher training colleges under University of Calicut using stratified sampling technique. Survey method is used for the present study. A tool Socio-personal Adjustment Scale was used for measuring Socio-personal Adjustment of the sample. The result shows that there is significant difference in the mean difference of Socio-personal Adjustment between male and female prospective teachers. The positive sign of critical ratio [t= 4.65, P ? .01] shows that male prospective teachers are having more Socio-personal Adjustment than the female prospective teachers. Keywords: Socio-personal Adjustment, Social Adjustment, Personal Adjustment, Prospective teachers.

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Aggarwal, S., (1988). A study of adjustment problems and their related factors of more effective and less effective teachers with reference to primary level female teachers, Survey of Research in Education by M. B. Butch (1988-1992). SCERT, New Delhi. Ahmad, J. & Khan, A. (2016), A Study of Adjustment of Secondary School Teachers in Relation to Their Educational Qualification, Experience and Locality. Paripex - Indian Journal of Research, 5(2), 292-295.

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The purpose of the present study was to explore the influence of academic achievement of pre-service student teachers on their emotional maturity in relation to their gender and residential area. The sample consist of 357 B.Ed. course trainers (183 Male & 174 Female) randomly taken from Self-financed B. Ed. Colleges of Bhopal City. To measure the emotional maturity of pre-service teachers, Emotional Maturity Scale (EMS) developed by Dr. Yashvir Singh & Dr. Mahesh Bhargava (2006) were used. For measure the academic achievement of pre-service student teachers, their final year graduation obtained percentages were used. Mean, SD and ‘t’ test were used for data analysis. The result showed that there is no significant influence of academic achievement of pre-service student teachers on their total score of emotional maturity and emotional progression, social adjustment and independence. The pre-service student teachers with high academic achiever are more emotionally stable and more integrated personality than that of the low academic achiever. No significant influence of gender and residential area was found in respect of total score of emotional maturity and all factors. The female pre-service student teachers are significantly higher academic achiever in comparison with those of male counterparts. Urban pre-service student teachers are significantly higher academic achiever in comparison with those of rural counterparts. Keywords: Academic Achievement, Emotional Maturity, Pre-Service Student Teacher

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Boyd Jr, Neal Richard and Huffman, Warren J. (2002). The relationship between emotional maturity and drinking-and-driving involvement among young adults. Journal of Safety Research, 15(1), 1-6. doi:10.1016/0022-4375(84)90025-2 Chenna, Reddy D. (2007). A study on adjustment problems of IX class students in relation to their academic achievement. Research and Reflections in Education, Vol. 05, No. 01, January-March 2007.

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Medicinal and food plants as well as their bioactive fraction have been used by diverse human cultures since ancient times. These plants provide multiple health benefits because of the presence of different type’sphytochemical compound and that are responsible for various biological activities. General composition including various bioactive and their health contribution has been reviewed in this paper. Key Words: Medicinal plants, Biochemical compound, Health benefits

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Arora, S., Kaur, K., and Kaur, S. Indian medicinal plants as a reservoir of protective phytochemicals. TeratogCarcinog Mutagen. (suppl 1) (2003) 295-300. Atherton, P. Aloe vera revisited. Br J Phytother. 4 (1998) 76–83. Atherton, P. The essential Aloe vera: The actions and the evidence. 2nd ed. (1997) Ayyanar, M., and Subash-Babu, P. Syzygiumcumini (L.) Skeels: A review of its phytochemical constituents and traditional uses. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine. 2(3) (2012) 240-246.

Vigilante justice, it has/is being practiced in many countries under unsettled conditions. ‘whenever informally organized groups have attempted to supplement or replace legal procedures or authorities (legaproceduresre) to fill the void, where institutional justice mostly did not yet exist’. Such conditions commonly give rise to acts of lynching or genocide. Vigilante attacks in India are commonly deviance, which is when there is a non-conformity concerning the well-established social and cultural norms and principles.

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The present conceptual paper is to study the objects of conception of Spiritual power, Mindfulness Power for Spiritual Development and colorful conditioning for Awareness through Spiritual Development with high points (i) To understand the conception of Spiritual Development. (ii) To discuss the concept of Mindfulness Power for Spiritual Development. (iii) To discuss the various activities of Mindfulness Power for Spiritual Development. The present abstract paper grounded on the Spiritual Power to face Current Challenges. Spiritual powers can offer us peace, confidence, awareness and stopgap in our lives. When we get the connection to this amazing power, we're going to feel the balance in our life. The present paper focuses on the introductory generalities of Mindfulness Power. The present paper discusses the colorful conditioning of Mindfulness Power for Spiritual Development. The present paper focuses on the colorful conditioning of Mindfulness Power for Spiritual Development. Key words: Spiritual Development, Mindfulness Power

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Aurther W. Pink (Sep 2011) Spiritual Growth, 2nd edition, paperback publication Dalai Lama, (Nov 1999) The art of Happiness: A handbook for living, Easton press, Fred A. Wolf (2012) The Spiritual Universe, Paper Passionista press, Norman V. Peale (2019) The Power of Positive Thinking, Easton press, Sachin J. Sakhare (2019) Role of spirituality in Yoga, proceedings (ISBN: RNI- MAHMAR/1999/12735) Pune

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Over the last two decades there has been a rapid growth in the field of ICT and it has become one of the most important topics in the field of education. Integration of ICT in teaching will facilitate teacher educators’ in meeting the requirement for technology-based teaching and learning. India is a global unicorn in the field of ICT and other cutting-edge domains, and there is a bidirectional relationship between technology and education. The Ministry of Education emphasises the importance of integration of technology in teacher education. In keeping with the digital age, teacher educators’ must integrate ICT in their teaching learning process and reduce the usage of traditional methods in teaching. The aim of this research is to study perceptions of teacher educators’ on ICT integration to enhance the teaching and learning processes and also to analyse the challenges encountered by the teacher educators in successful integration of ICT. A questionnaire was distributed to the teacher educators from the state of Odisha. The results indicate that the teacher educators’ are well-equipped with ICT tools and facilities and their perception regarding this is mostly found to be positive. The results also indicate that the challenges faced by the teacher educators’ are lack of training in integration of ICT, competence, lack of appropriate softwares and materials as well as limitation of time . Keywords: Information and Communication Technology, Teacher Educators’.

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Albirini, A. (2006). Teachers’ attitudes toward information and communication technologies: The case of Syrian EFL teachers. Computers & Education, 47(4), 373-398. Arnseth, H.C., & Hatlevik, O.E. (2010). Challenges in aligning pedagogical practices and pupils’ competencies with the Information Society’s demands: The case of Norway. In S. Mukerji & P. Triphati (Eds.), Cases on technological adaptability and transnational learning: Issues and challenges. Hershey: IGI global.

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Annamalai, E. (2001). Managing Multilingualism in India: Political and Linguistic Manifestation. New Delhi: Sage Publication. Ambridge, B. and Lieven, E.V.M.(2011). Language Acquisition Contrasting therotical approaches . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Asubels, D. (1968).Educational Psychology: A Cognitive View, Holt, Rinehart and winston Publication. ?Akmajian, A. (2010).Linguistics: Introduction to language and communication. (6th ed.)

Higher secondary education means the education which is imparted in class eleven and twelve. It is that level of education where the adults decide among themselves about the future of their life. The foundation of higher learning builds in this stage. This stage of education is so vital that many students join different professional courses just after completion of their higher secondary in order to get employment and start their life. In the present context, quality higher secondary education becomes mandatory to compete in the global market. In this study, an attempt has been made to know the quality of higher secondary students through their academic achievement (result) in the examination, different streams of studies provided in the institutions of different districts, the ratio of students studying in govt. and private institutions and to compare and contrast between number of students opting for arts, science and commerce. This study is descriptive in nature basing on secondary data collected from various sources. In this study the investigator has found number of findings such as i) academic achievement (results) of govt. higher secondary institutions in three streams (arts, science and commerce) until 2017 was satisfactory, ii) since 2018, quality of academic achievement (results) of private higher secondary institutions are better than govt. higher secondary and the students enrollment in govt. higher secondary has been decreasing in a rapid rate, iii) female students in all three streams of studies performed better results than male students in last three years, iv) there is a disparity in providing three streams of studies in the entire state. Most of the institutions (private and govt.) are established in Dimapur and Kohima, v) private agencies are the main player of higher secondary education in the state and vi) there is very less opportunities of science and commerce studies in the entire State etc. Keywords: Higher secondary, education, govt., private, academic achievement, streams, disciplines etc.

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Carnoy, M. (1997). Is privatization through education vouchers really the answer? A comment on west. The World Bank Research Observer, 12 (1): 105-16 Das, P. (2016). Performance Of Higher Secondary Education In Assam: A Comparative Study Of Students In Public And Private Institutions. Unpublished M.Phil. Thesis, Department Of Economics, Sikkim University, Gangtok, India.

Social development is the process through which children learn to build relationships. It involves learning the values, knowledge, and skills necessary to understand how to get along with others. Everyday experiences at home support children's developing social skills. The process of socialization is occurred from the birth of the child and there are agents of child socialization such as Family, Neighbours, Peers, Community and society play vital role in the process of socialization. According to Berns Roberta, these socializing agents are known as Microsystem in Ecology of Human Development. Now days, the Juvenile in Conflict with Law became the major issue among children in rural as well as urban area. The present research article will focus on the theory of the Ecology of Human Development. The research article will discuss on the effect of Microsystems on the socialization of Children In Conflict with Law. The main objective of this article are; to study primary and secondary agents of socialization of Children in Conflict with Law; to access the effect of Microsystem of Ecology of Human Development of Children in Conflict with Law; and To associate the effect of Microsystem of Ecology of Human Development with the unlawful acts of Children in Conflict with Law.For the present study the descriptive research design will be used to describe Microsystem of Ecology of Human Development of Children in Conflict with Law andthe simple random sampling method will be adopted, in which systematic random sampling method will be used for selection of sample. Keywords: Socialization, Agents of Socialization, Ecology of Human Development, Children in Conflict with Law etc.

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Yadav Priyanka (2016),‘Juvenile Delinquency as a Behavioral Problem’, The International Journal of Indian Psychology, India Berns Roberta (1985), ‘Child, Family, Community’ CBS College Publishing, New York. Dr. D. K. Laldas and Vanila Bhaskaran, (2008) “Research Methods for Social Work”, Rawat Publications Hyderabad.

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Goswami, Kesavananda Dev. Post Sankardeva Vainava faith and Culture of Assam. Sri Satguru Publication, 1988. Bhatracharya, Harichnadra. Asamiya Natya Sahityar Jilingoni, lawyer?s book stall, 2013 Neog, Maheswar. Sankardeva-The Great Integrator. Omsons Publication, 2011

Education is a lifelong process which is attained by an individual from its immediate surroundings. It helps a person, not only in professional success but also in social adjustments. These adjustments or adaptations are an integral part of human development, known a social competence. A socially competent person tries to understand the needs of self, others and further leads to the upkeep of a civilization. In today’s world, people are more engaged in themselves and hence, social relationships have become imperative for their own growth and happiness. Social competence ability might boost up multiple traits such as self confidence, motivation, cooperation, conflict resolution, and self esteem among children in their developing years. Therefore, the present study aimed to study the relationship between social competence and self esteem of senior secondary school students. Results revealed that senior secondary school students do not differ significantly in the scores of social competence and self esteem in terms of their gender. A positive and significant correlation was found in social competence and self esteem of senior secondary school students.

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Bierman, K. L. & Welsh, J. A. (2000). Assessing social dysfunction: The contributions of laboratory and performance-based measures. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 29, 526–539. Erol, R. Y., & Orth, U. (2013). Actor and partner effects of self-esteem on relationship satisfaction and the mediating role of secure attachment between the partners. Journal of Research in Personality, 47, 26 –35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2012.11.003 Ford, M. E. (1982). Social cognition and social competence in adolescence. Developmental Psychology, 18 (3), 323-340.

The National Education Policy-2020 is one of the milestones in the history of Indian education system. It is India’s third education policy which replaces the 1986 National Education Policy. The purpose of this policy is to guide the development of “education system rooted in Indian ethos that contributes directly to transforming India, that is Bharat, sustainably into an equitable and vibrant knowledge society, by providing high-quality education to all, and thereby making India a global knowledge superpower” (NEP, 2020). The policy emphasises on Inclusion and Equity. The policy stated that “a good education institution is one in which every student feels welcomed and cared for, where a safe and stimulating learning environment exists where a wide range of learning experiences are offered and where good physical infrastructure and appropriate resources conducive to learning are available to all students”. This paper is an attempt to highlight the provisions of inclusive education given in this policy with special reference to students with disabilities or Divyangjan. These provisions will ensure the contributions of students with disabilities also in the transforming India. Keywords: NEP-2020, Inclusive Education, Students with Disabilities

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Anuja (2020, August 18). NEP 2020: Making education more inclusive. The Time of India. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/voices/nep-2020-making-education-more-inclusive/ Ministry of Human Resource and Development (2020). National Education Policy 2020. https://www.education.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/NEP_Final_English_0.pdf Salamanca Statement (1994). The Salamanca Statement and Framework for Action on Special Needs Education. Retrieved from http://www.unesco.org/education/pdf/ SALAMA_E.PDF

Corporate social responsibility had emerged as a significant area for the corporate sector. Corporate organisations are giving back to society e through the CSR practices. Through the present study and impact has been made to explore the developmental and changing Trends of CSR and initiatives taken by the corporate organisations in India for rural development. The study focused on the major constraints and challenges in CSR pertaining to rural development. The study focused on the impact of CSR programs on the overall rural development. Keywords: corporate social responsibility, rural development, impact constant, changing trends

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L.C.Punjabi and M.Jatin (2016)” Corporate social responsibility: Perspectives and challenges in rural India,” Journal of Business and Management. V.Nameeta (2015), “The practices of CSR in the context of rural development in India,”International journal of scientific and research publications, Vol.5, No.1 M.K.Bhatia (2000), “Role of CSR in rural developments,”Indian Journal of social studies and research. Vol.3, No.2

The use of the Internet and social media influenced all sphere of life. Social media revolutionized the way we communicate and with whom we communicate. People are able to communicate across geography, languages and cultures. This study is focused basically on social media use as a communication tool, whether or not it is used by female students of senior secondary school as a mean of communication, how the use of social media helping students in their studies. Students share their ideas, thoughts and feelings with their online friends. Researches show teens and young adults are highly active on social media sites such as Facebook, Whatsapp, Twitter, MySpace and Quora etc. They use it for communicating with their friends, family, teachers and other members of society. Online sharing of information promotes the increase in communication skills. Social media has the potential to change the character of our social lives both on interpersonal and community level. Social media also has certain pros and cons so students must be aware of it while using it. Privacy issues are huge concern on these sites, it becomes more serious when user is targeted on the basis of his/her location and age. Key Terms: Communication, Social media, Education, Students.

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Ahaskar, A. (2019). https://www.livemint.com/technology/tech-news/- 1569500591581.html 2. Aida A. Behrang S. Behrooz G. (2014). A Study on the Negative Effects of Social Networking Sites Such as Facebook among Asia Pacific University Scholars in Malaysia International Journal of Business and Social Science. vol.5 no.10; September 2014. Baker, J. R., and Moore, S. M. (2008). Distress, coping, and [15] Ellen S. Hoffman

Education in the 21st century highlights globalization and internationalization. Teachersin the 21stcentury aretechnology savvy. To effectively engage and teach to new generation students, teachers will help the educational system meet this requirement. The educational systems must be outfitted with a pre requisite of ICT resources both hardware and software, and curricula must be designed to promote a collaborative learner cantered environment to which students will relate and respond.

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Commitment to the role of the teacher as a facilitator of learning. (2007). Retrieved January 30, 2007 from http://www.onu.edu/a+s/cte/knowledge/facilitator.shtm Bell, M.A. (2002). Why use an interactive whiteboard? A baker’s dozen reasons! Teachers Net Gazzette, 3(1).Retrieved from http://teachers.net/gazette/JAN02/mabell.html Haider, Zargham. (2012). Professional Teacher for 21st Century. Journal of Engineering, Science & Management Education, vol-5,issue-II (480-482). National Council for the Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE). (2008). Professional standards for the accreditation of schools, colleges, and departments of education. Washington, DC: NCATE.

‘Education is the manifestation of perfection already existing in man’. Swami Vivekananda was a practical man and he has also given very practical concept of education. ‘He has said that ‘we want that education by which character is formed, strength of mind is increased, the intellect is expanded and by which one can stand on own one feet’. It means that education plays an active role for producing good citizen. It helps the man to develop good qualities of a good citizen i e good habits, co-operative nature, Rational thinking, patriotic, tolerance, divergent views, strong character, disciplined life, a since of right and wrong, and values, independent thinking, good language, social responsibilities. It also helps the child, to do good something self-realization, development of inner powers, contribute to human life according to the best of his capacity, develop valuable personality and spiritual individuality adjust himself gradually in various ways of his physical social and environment, control his environment and fulfill his responsibilities, develop fellow feeling love service, sense of duty and qualities of leadership.

Bhatia K.K.& Narang C.L. (ed), Principal of Education Ludhiana: Tandan Brothers. Murthy S.K. (ed) Philosophical and sociological foundation of Education. Ludhiana: Tandan Brothers. Sharma O.P.& khan N (ed) Education system in India Jalandhar: Modern Publishers.

The cultural ties between India and Japan existed since the time immemorial. The history recorded that Buddhism was carried to Japan from India in 7th C A.D; via China and Korea. Cultural exchanges between India and Japan began in 6th century with the introduction of Buddhism to Japan. Buddhism had great impact on Japanese culture which resulted in healthy relations between the two nations. The political relations started in the16th C and continues till date. India appreciated Japan’s post war economic progress and growth. In 1892 Swami Vivekananda while travelling to the World Congress of Religions, at Chicago (1893) appreciated Japan’s progress and had remarked that India must learn a lot from Japan.This article not only presents the details of cultural relation between India and Japan but also highlights the development, progress the research and translation works done on one of the most beautiful and world over popular Indian languages Urdu [literature and poetry]. Three major Japanese universities Tokyo University of Foreign Studies (TUFS), Osaka University and Daito Bunka University teach Urdu. In 2008 TUFS celebrated hundred years of teaching of Urdu. The scholars of these institutions have carried out commendable and original research work on Urdu language and literature. The article acknowledges the contributions of Japanese Urdu scholars. Keywords:- Indo-Japanese cultural relations, Buddhism, Artists, Urdu, TUFS, Osaka, Diato Banka universities.

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1.https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/asia-paci/india/data.html.... Source: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs is an executive department of the Government of Japan, and is responsible for the country's foreign policy and international relations. Wikipedia 2.https://www.rekhta.org/authors/saadat-hasan-manto/profile Source: - Rekhta Portal;[Rekhta is an Indian literary web portal owned by the Rekhta Foundation, a non-profit and non-governmental organization dedicated to the promotion of the Urdu literature in South Asia.]; Wikipedia. 3.Column:-Studying Urdu in Japan by Asif Farrukh, published Jan 2018. https://www.dawn.com/news/1381330. 4.https://www.dawn.com/news/978341/japan-urdu-s-other-home Source: - Dawn Newspaper; [Dawn is a Pakistani English-language newspaper that was launched in British India in 1941. It is the largest English newspaper in Pakistan, and also serves as the country's newspaper of record.]; Wikipedia

The first attempt in India to establish an education policy rooted in a document published by Prof. DS Kothari in as early as 1966. It was considered a very well-thought and visionary policy, despite the fact that its implementation was not fully recognized. The second such policy for education was not to be seen until after 20 years, in 1986, led by Rajiv Gandhi. However, it was not followed wholly until 1992, after a gap of 6 years. This policy was in practice for 34 long years until the year 2020, when a new education policy was brought up. If we want to produce Nobel laureates, scientists, great academicians, impartial journalists, great teachers and preachers and great excellent professionals and if we want India to be an educational destination for all and if we want to regain our past glory, we must follow the measures - qualified teachers, adequate teaching materials, No political interference, adequate research facilities and Good infrastructure

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Value- Based Education emphasizes the significance of social responsibility and collaborative engagement. It helps individualities to come active and responsible members of society by contributing to the welfare of the community. In moment’s period of competition and survival we observe laxity in moral values. Industrialization has led to the emergence of high life style and raised the standard of living of people. It has made man rich in materialistic sense but deteriorated the ethical fiber in the society. People crave for capitalist, power and pelf. They are ready to pitfall the interest of other people in pursuit of their selfish earnings. Corruption in religious, profitable, social, educational field is rampant. We come through multitudinous social villainies in the society. Children due to their exposure to mass- media are turning juvenile delinquents. Due to lack of values they stick to whatever is shown in the TV and on net ruining their life. Family disorganization has made them amiss. Parents are busy pursuing their careers and children are taken care by day care centers. Due to this value education is not communicated to these children. They come drug addicts, consume alcohol, adventure and enter intoanti-social exertion. This is the present script which needs to suffer change in order to have a peaceful society. instructors play an important part in societal development. The present conceptual paper is to focused on Value Based Education for societal development and role of teachers with prime aims (i) To understand the importance of Value Based Education. (ii) To discuss the Value Based Education for societal development (iii) To analyze the role of teachers in Value Based Education. The methodology of the research is a different type involving an interpretative, conversation, observation and study secondary sources, like books, articles, journals, thesis, university news, expert opinion, and websites, etc.

Key Words: Value Based Education, Present Education System, Role of Teachers

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Raja Rao is, undoubtedly, one of the most widely acclaimed Indian-English novelists by virtue of his wide range of "thought content"-philosophical, intellectual, political and social, and his command over the fictional form, language and narrative technique. He is, incontestably, one of the major novelists writing in English language today. He is strikingly original by virtue of his themes and techniques. Deeply rooted in Indian Culture and tradition, he has made various successful experiments and innovations in the technique of the novel. Raja Rao finds myths for communicating his metaphysical concerns. As one gifted with encyclopaedic knowledge of Indian mythology, history and culture of Europe, he successfully draws material from these sources.

Keywords: Thought-content, Fictional, Narrative-technique, Metaphysical.

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From 1219 A.D. till the death of Rumi (1207 A.D.- 1273A.D.) the entire period was full of
battles, killings of innocent people, destruction and plundering of cities. The reason behind was battle
of crusade and invasion of Mongols over the Islamic empire. These two battles had left tremendous
effects on the social conditions of the Islamic empire. The battle of crusade had weakened the Islamic
empire however, the continuous invasion of Mongols which, culminated in the sack of Baghdad and
assassination of Caliph Al-Mustasim Billah had not only weakened the Islamic Empire but the Islamic
empire came to an end with the sack of Baghdad in 1258 A.D. The fall of Baghdad had left tremendous
effects on the social condition of the people. Because cities were burnt and plundered. A large number
of people were killed and poverty had taken place which, ultimately gave rise to various social evils.
As Maulana Rumi was witness of all destructions which, gave rise to various social evils therefore,
impact of contemporary social conditions on the Masnavi-e Manvi of Maulana Jalaluddin Rumi can be
seen if studied minutely.

This study explores the Effectiveness of the Scaffolding Programme in teaching science subjects to 9th Standard Students of Pune City. The objectives of the study are 1. To develop a scaffolding program for selected chapters of science. 2. To find out the effectiveness of a Scaffolding program over the conventional method of teaching science to 9th-standard students. The experimental research method and single-group design were used for this research study. To analyze the data statistical technique mean, SD, graphs, coefficient of correlation, and t-test were used.

            The Major findings of the study is the developed 9th std. science-based Scaffolding Programme is effective in teaching Science subjects. Hence, it concludes that the science-based Scaffolding program enhances the learning of 9th std. students.

This study explored the influence of learning achievement of students in relation to their head teachers’ leadership competence at elementary school level. The study was conducted in twelve elementary schools of Jajpur district in Sukinda Block involving 12 head teachers, 60 teachers, 1 block education officer. The study was exploratory in nature, based on descriptive survey involving ex-post facto research design. House’s Path-Goal theory was employed in the study in attaining its goals and providing the necessary direction and/or support to ensure the compatibility with the overall objectives of the study. Moreover, the study utilised both quantitative and qualitative research approach but, quantitative approach was more dominant, while qualitative supplemented to it. To achieve the objectives of the study: open-ended and likert scale questionnaires were used together with documentary analysis. The findings of this study suggest that the leadership competence for elementary school head teachers in Sukinda education cluster has indirect impact on pupils’ academic performance. Task oriented competence and Behavioural competence were identified as important types of competence for the head teacher to be active for the better academic performance of the school. However, this study revealed that most of the head teachers work under pressure since they face different kinds of adverse situations like inadequate infrastructures, shortage of teachers in remote areas and negative attitude of most of the parents towards education for their children. Generally, it was concluded that the government should employ many teachers and allocate them in rural schools at first and ensure that; head teachers get sufficient leadership skills before being appointed to the position.

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This research paper is an attempt to study the job satisfaction of secondary schools as perceived by teachers. The survey method of descriptive research has been adopted to carry out the study. The study was carried out in Kashmir division of Jammu and Kashmir. Simple random technique was adopted to select a sample of 600 teachers working in govt as well as private secondary schools in Kashmir. The findings of the study showed different satisfaction levels with respect to the job satisfaction of their respective schools with majority of the teachers moderately satisfied with their jobs.

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Current facilities for science education at the secondary level often present significant challenges for visually impaired students. Traditional methods heavily rely on visual aids like diagrams, textbooks, and laboratory demonstrations, leaving these students with limited access to crucial information. This study is focused on status of current facilities for visually impaired students to learn science at secondary level. For this research, survey method was used. Data collection tool – checklist was developed and used by researcher. Based on the collected data form checklist data analysis was done. The findings of the study are most of the schools having facilities for visually impaired students to learn science at secondary level in Pune city but lack of the unavailability of science learning teaching aids is major issue in the VI schools.

 

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Personality cannot be measured through one factor or Dimension of Personality. It has Multi Dimensional factors. The present inventory is an attempt to fill the gap, because it measure six dimensions of Personality. The Personality is influenced by many needs at once. The final result is produced by whatever is dominant. “Personality is that pattern of characteristic thoughts, feelings and behavior that distinguishes one pattern from another and that persists over time and situation (Phares 1991). The theory based on the Multi Dimensional factor six called the six factor model. The six factors are extroversion-introversion, high self-concept-low self concept, independence-dependence, balance-imbalance temperament, high adjustment-low and high low anxiety. Various Dimensions of Personality are Extroversion- Introversion, High self concept-low self concept, Independence-Dependence, Balance-Imbalance, Temperament, High Adjustment-Low Adjustment and High-low Anxiety. An extroverted person is likely to enjoy time spent with people and find less reward in time spent alone. They tend to be energized when around other people, and they are more prone to boredom when they are alone. Introversion is the state of or tendency toward being wholly or predominantly concerned with and interested in one’s own life. The self concept is an internal model which comparers self assessments features assessed include but are not limited to Personality, skills and abilities, occupation and hobbies, physical characteristics, etc. High dependency is automatically low independence and vice versa. Some writers, however, argue that dependence and independence should be conceived separately. There is generally a low-correlation between descriptions by teachers and behavioural observations by scientists of features used in determining temperament. Adjustment does not mean passive acceptance of the influences and forces of environment. It implies active interaction with participation in the environmental changes and influences. Anxiety is directly involved in producing psychosomatic disorders. It is a major factor as we have already seen, in structuring early Personality development. If it is allowed to become too intense, too early in life, it can lead to serious character distortions.

Key words – Multidimensional Personality, Self Concept, Temperament, Adjustment, Anxiety, Self confidence

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Artificial Intelligence in the field of education is an emerging interdisciplinary field of knowledge. As an upcoming trend, interactive learning environments and educational spaces are widely designed with tools and methods aided by Artificial Intelligence. School education is now exposed to new landscapes, that are driven by the growing possibilities progressively facilitated by applied research and innovations in Artificial Intelligence.  What is interesting today is to note how the latest Artificial Intelligence technologies are bringing new ideas from cognitive science and neuro-sciences into education. As a consequence, the field of school education is becoming fertile with the new flow of ideas and enabling us to rethink traditional procedures and learning practices. 

The current research article intends to study prospective changes Artificial Intelligence will bring along in redefining the school educational system. Further, considering the complexity adhered to in the system, the current research article considers only three broad categories for review; firstly, Curriculum, secondly, Learning – Teaching Methodologies, and thirdly, Assessment/Evaluation for continuous improvement and learning. The broad category identified is further investigated along with the underlying quality processes to reveal the hidden potential for excellence. This research article throws light into Artificial Intelligence assisted classrooms to take a step closer to understanding the ground-level realities. It also highlights perceptions and understands how the learner of today is different.

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Cultural movements are collective efforts by groups of people to promote, preserve, or transform cultural practices, values, and identities. They can emerge in response to social, political, or economic changes and often aim to challenge existing norms or highlight marginalized voices. Cultural movements encompass a wide range of activities, including art, literature, music, and social practices, aimed at fostering a shared identity or promoting change within a society. Cultural movements are vital for the evolution of societies, providing a platform for voices that might otherwise go unheard and fostering dialogue around important cultural issues. Mahabubnagar, a district in Telangana, has experienced various cultural movements that reflect its rich heritage and evolving social dynamics.

The present paper focused on the study of cultural movements in Mahabubnagar district with prime objectives are   1. To know the concept of cultural movements.  2. To know the impact of cultural movements in Mahabubnagar district. 3. To analyses the importance of cultural movements in Mahabubnagar district.

The present research methodology was used as a descriptive and different type involving a secondary source like books, articles, journals, thesis, university news, expert opinion, and websites and conversation, observations and study secondary sources, etc.

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