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Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

Jul - Aug, 2022, Vol-10/72

Impact Factor: 7.380

ISSN: 2278-8808

Date: 2022-09-01

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JULY-AUGUST, 2022 SRJIS Vol- 10/72

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VARANASI ME SHIKSHAK-SHIKSHA SANSTHAON KI VRUDDHI EVAM VIAKS (1850 E. SE 2017 E.): EK EITIHASIK ADHYAYAN

Abhay Kumar Sharma

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2022 | Volume/Issue:10/72 | Page No.: 17356 - 17368

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BHARAT EVAM MYANMAR KE RAJNITIK-MAITRI SAMBANDHON KA VISHLESHAN

Pritam Kumar & Richa Bajaj

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2022 | Volume/Issue:10/72 | Page No.: 17369 - 17375

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Bajpai, U.S. (2013), India’s Security, Lanur Books, New Delhi. Bhattacharya, S. (2015), Pursuit of National Interests Through Neutralism (Calcutta,). Desai, W.S. (2016), A History of British Residency in Burma, 1826-1840 (Rangoon : University of Rangoon Press).

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A CONCEPTUAL STUDY ON UNDERSTANDING ADOLESCENCE AND THEIR PERCEPTION ON SOCIAL MEDIA

Bankula Dhanalaxmi

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2022 | Volume/Issue:10/72 | Page No.: 17376 - 17382

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The present conceptual research focused on the study is to understanding adolescence and their perception on social media. Now the Adolescence is the period of transition between childhood and adulthood. Children who are entering adolescence are going through many changes (physical, intellectual, personality and social developmental). Yes, the Adolescence begins at puberty, which now occurs earlier, on average, than in the past. The stage of Adolescence is the stage of development which precedes adulthood. As per the human being It is a time of great physical change in young people. It is characterized by rapid growth, hormonal change, changes in bodily appearance, and changes in brain structure. Adolescence stage is characterized by emotional turmoil, insecurity, peer influence, risk taking behavior, irrational decisions, pushing limits on permissible behavior. Adolescence stage is also a time where young people make mistakes, which if not dealt with constructively, and sensitively, could result in them ruining their lives. It is a time where young people need to be surrounded by a protective system, positive role models, and be engaged in positive activities which channelize their energies to good use. Now the ‘Social Media’ describes online platforms that enable interactions through the sharing of pictures, comments and reactions to content. As most teenagers regularly use social media, studying its effects on their mental health and psychological wellbeing is vital. The term ‘psychological wellbeing’ reflects the extent to which an individual can live meaningfully according to their deeply held values. The present paper focused on the study of to understanding adolescence and their perception on social media. with prime objectives are (i) To understand the concept of adolescence and their perception. (ii) To analyses the role of social media in understanding adolescence and their perception. (iii) To discuss the benefits of social media in understanding adolescence and their perception. The methodology of the research is a different type involving an interpretative, conversation, observation and study secondary sources, like books, articles, journals, thesis, university news, expert opinion, and websites, etc. Key Words: Adolescence, Perception, Social Media
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Advani, Lalamd Chandha, Anupriya (2003). You and Your Specail Child, New Delhi: UBS Publishers Distributors Pvt Ltd. Fimian, M. J., Fafard, M., and Howell, K. W. A Teacher’s guide to Human Resources in Special Education: Para Professionals, Volunteers, and peer tutors. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, Inc. Hallahan, D. P., and Kauffman, J. K. (1988). Exceptional Children: Introduction to special Education. N.J.: Englewood Cliffs. Jangira, N. K. (1986). Special Education Scenario in Britain and India. Gurgaon: The Academic Press

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QUALITY CONCERNS OF INDIAN EDUCATION SYSTEM- CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS

Sunil Kumar

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2022 | Volume/Issue:10/72 | Page No.: 17383 - 17386

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The present article is an effort to throw light on the condition of education in the Indian scenario. Although 75 years have passed since independence, we still need to work hard to achieve our desired goals. A big Faculty crunch in higher education institutions is acting as a barrier in the way of providing knowledge, skill and attitude to learners. School Education is also suffering from the same situation even with basic facilities to a large section of schools. Education being in the concurrent list of the constitution also needs loyal delivery of responsibilities by state and center Governments………………… Key Points: Higher Education, School education, Vocationalization, Immediate measures etc.
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https://www.education.gov.in/en/higher_education hthttps://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/education/aims-and-objectives-of-vocational-education-in-india/45176tp://www.academics-india.com/key_documents.htm https://e-nationaleducationmission.org/ ttp://social.niti.gov.in/education-index http://samagrashiksha.in/

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IMPACT OF MID-DAY MEAL PROGRAMME ON THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN

Ravi Shanker & Santosh Arora

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2022 | Volume/Issue:10/72 | Page No.: 17387 - 17397

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Children have the right to get the primary education, as stated in the Indian Constitution. The government has proposed an amendment to allow as children between the ages of 6 and 12 to get free and compulsory education. The Government of India has launched a multifaceted programme called the Mid-Day Meal Scheme. It addresses difficulties with access to education, inadequate nutrition, and food security. The population in this particular research study includes all children aged 6–11 and studying in Primary Schools of Utter Pradesh. 509 subjects were chosen. 263 boys and 246 girls were selected through random sampling. According to the Waterlow Classification, children are more wasted, stunted and wasted and stunted than normal students in physical health. Waterlow Classification indicates low levels of physical health of primary school children. The average weight of urban boys and girls was more than the rural boys and rural girls. The overall height of all boys and girls is considered below ICMR standards of height. There was found a significant difference in height and weight between boys and girls of urban and rural areas. Keywords: Mid-Day Meal, Primary School, Anthropometric Measurement, Water- low Classification
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Kulshrestha, K. A. (2011). A study of Mid- Day Meal scheme and its impact on health of primary classes (6 To 11 Yrs) in meerut region (Uttar Pradesh). Food science research journal, 122-124. Mansukhlal, J. K. (2012). a study of effectiveness of the mid-day meal scheme implemented in primary education. singhania university pacheri bari, jhunjhunu(raj.), india, 1-10. Mehta, B. K. (2013). Nutritional contribution of mid-day meal to dietary intake of school children in ludhiana district of panjab. Journal of nutrition food science, 1-183. Sushma tripathi, A. C. (2013). Assessment of height, weight and bmi of school going children in varanasi. asian journal of home science, 496-498.

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FOLKLORE: A STUDY ON ORIGIN, TRANSMISSION AND FUNCTIONS

Manoj Kumar J.

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2022 | Volume/Issue:10/72 | Page No.: 17398 - 17404

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Debates about how folklore should be defines have been waged continuously ever since the word was coined in 1846 by William Thomas. Most definitions concern the “lore”, but some concern “folk”. Lore – the materials of folklore rather than the people who use the materials – has been described in terms of origin, form, transmission and function. However, there has been no widespread agreement among folklorists about what folklore is. Not only do folklorists in different countries have different concepts of folklore, but also folklorists within one country may have quite diverse views concerning its nature. Perhaps the most common criterion for definition is the means of the folklore’s transmission. Specifically folklore is said to be or to be in “oral Tradition”. This criterion, however, leads to several theoretical difficulties. First, in a culture without writing almost everything is transmitted orally; and although language, hunting techniques and marriage rule are passed orally from one generation to another, few folklorists would say that these types of cultural materials are folklore. Also, even in a culture with writings, some orally transmitted information such as how to drive a tractor and how to brush one’s teeth is not ordinarily considered to be folklore. The point is that since materials other than folklore are also orally transmitted, the criterion of oral transmission by itself is not sufficient to distinguish folklore from non-folklore. Second, there are some forms of folklore which are manifested and communicated almost exclusively in written as opposed to oral form, such as autograph-book verse, book marginalia, epitaphs and traditional letters. In actual practice, a professional folklore does not go so far to say that folktale or a ballad is not folklore simply because it has at sometime in its life history been transmitted by writing or print. But he would argue that if a folktale or ballad had never been in oral tradition, it is not folklore. It might be a literary production based upon a folk model, but this is not the same as the folk model itself. However, the written forms previously mentioned are rarely if ever communicated orally. Keywords: Folklore, oral transmission, Tradition, Folktale
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Encyclopaedia of Folklore and Literature, Brown Mary Ellen, Rosenberg Bruce A, ABC- CLIO. Folklore and Symbolism of Flowers, Ernst and Lehner Johanna The Handbook of Folklore, Gomme George , Forgotten Books English Folklore, Wright A Robinson, Forgotten Books. Folklore What is it and What is the Good of it?, Edwin Sidney Hartland, Palala Press.

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A ROADMAP TO INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN NEP 2020

Rashmi Ranjan

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2022 | Volume/Issue:10/72 | Page No.: 17405 - 17413

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Inclusive education is no longer a privilege, it is the need of the hour. For a developing country like India, education is the topmost aspect of growth. We will fail as a country if education is still not being accessible to each and every individual in every corner of the country. Over the years, the Government of India came with various policies on education inclusive education such as the RPwD Act 2016. All the policies emphasized the right of the child from diverse backgrounds and abilities to access formal education but still, the disparities continued. After 34 years, finally we have our long waited National Education Policy. This paper is an attempt to discuss the new provisional changes for Inclusive Education in NEP 2020. Keywords: Inclusive Education, RPwD Act 2016, NEP 2020
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MHRD. (2020, August). National Education Policy 2020.Retrieved September 15, 2020from https://www.mhrd.gov.in/. DISE. The Education Commission 1966. Retrieved September 15, 2020, from http://udise.in/. MHRD. National Policy Education, 1968. Retrieved September 15, 2020, from https://www.mhrd.gov.in/. RCI. Integrated Education for Disabled Children 1974. Retrieved September 15, 2020, fromhttp://rehabcouncil.nic.in/. MHRD. National Education Policy 1986. Retrieved September 15, 2020from https://www.mhrd.gov.in/.

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THE ROLE OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN WOMEN EMPOWERMENT

Vaishali C. Achakanalli

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2022 | Volume/Issue:10/72 | Page No.: 14414 - 14421

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The concept of corporate social responsibility CSR can be explained as it is an application to society that extends beyond its application towards its shareholders or owners. Today CSR is playing an important role in empowering women right from encouraging them to get education till getting a source of income. Through the present study an impact has been made to know about the various CSR activities implemented by the large scale industrial organization for women empowerment. This study also analysed the impacts of CSR activities on women empowerment and focused on the various issues encountered in the implementation of CSR programs.
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D. T. Abraham (2013): CSR and empowerment of women: The way forward journal of management and research vol.7, No.4. A. A. Kumar (2013),”Corporate social responsibility women empowerment in India”-International Journal of Management Research and Development Vol.3, No.3 Akanksha Gupta and Vinod Kumar (2018): Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in women empowerment Indian Journal of Management Studies and Research, Vol.5 No.2 K. Swarnlatha and R. K. Anuradha (2017): Corporate social responsibility towards women empowerment International Journal of applied research Vol.3, No.6 S. S. Shetty and V.B.Hans (2019): CSR and women empowerment, a review of the research Vol.6, No.6 L. R. Pradhan (2015): Corporate and women empowerment in Odisha, Odisha review, No.12 K. Padma Shri (2019): Women Empowerment through corporate social responsibility- the role of Indian commercial bank, International Journal of Advanced research in management and Social Sciences Vol.3, No.6 G. B. Ratod (2018): A study on women empowerment by corporate houses in India as per CSR, International Journal of research in all subjects in multi languages, Vol.6 No.1

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IMPACT OF LEVEL OF EDUCATION AND GENDER ON ANASAKTI (NON-ATTACHMENT) OF MIDDLE AGE ADULTS

Anupma & Sanjay kumar

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2022 | Volume/Issue:10/72 | Page No.: 17421 - 17429

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The purpose of the present research was to study the effect of level of education and gender on Anasakti (non-attachment) of middle age adults. The sample for the study consisted of 150 male and female subjects belonging to medium socio-economic status. These subjects were taken from Baraut city. These subjects consisted of three groups of levels of education, i.e.; higher education (graduates, 50 Ss) middle education (8th to 10th std. 50 Ss), and low education (5th std. 50 Ss) each group of the educational level consisted of two gender groups, i.e., male and female with 25 Ss in each cell. The present study used a 3x2 factorial design for the accomplishment of the research. The Anasakti scale constructed by Pandey was used for data collection. Obtain data were analyzed by Mean, SD, and ANOVA. Results indicated that level of education and gender was found to be significantly effective on Anasakti (Non-Attachment) of middle-aged adults and the interaction between level of education and gender was not significantly effective on Anasakti. The results were discussed in light of previous empirical research conclusions and theoretical orientation in the area of variables under study. Keywords: Anasakti (Non-attachment), Level of education, Gender
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Agarwal, A. (2004). Nishkama Karma Yoga and Anasakt; Motivation for Self-Realization. Paper Presented at National Conference on Indian Psychology, Yoga and Consciousness. Indian Council of Philosophical research. Sri Aurobindo International Center Pondicherry.https:// www.ipi.org.in/texts/ipyc/ipyc-abstracts/adeshagarwal.php Belenky, M. E., Clinchy, B. M., Goldberer, N. R., & Tarule, J. M. (1986). Women's ways of knowing: The development of self, voice, and mind. New York: Basic Books, 18(1), 113- 121. https:// doi.org/ 10.2307/1179565

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NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY 2020- SCHOOL EDUCATION

Manju Tomar

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2022 | Volume/Issue:10/72 | Page No.: 17430 - 17437

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The NEP 2020 was approved by the Union Cabinet of India on 29 July, 2020. The Ministry of Education formed a committee headed by former ISRO Chairman Dr K Kasturirangan, who outlined the vision of India’s new education system. The New Education Policy addresses challenges faced by current education system such as Quality, Affordability, Equity, Access and Accountability. NEP 2020 envisions an India-centric education system that contributes directly to transforming our nation sustainably into an equitable and vibrant society filled by knowledge and by providing high-quality education to all. This paper is mainly focus on principles and school education. Keywords: equity, access, variant, school education
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Nandini, ed. (29 July 2020). “New Education Policy 2020 Highlights. School and Higher Education to see major changes". Hindustan Times. Jebaraj, Priscilla (2 August 2020). “The Hindu explains| what has the National Education Policy 2020 proposed?” The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X Chopra, Rithika (2 August 2020). “Explained: Reading the new National Education Policy 2020”. The Indian Express.

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EDUCATION PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES IN RURAL AREA

Tanaji Digambar Shinde

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2022 | Volume/Issue:10/72 | Page No.: 17438 - 17442

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The purpose of this study is to find out the education problems in rural area because education is fundamental needs like food, cloth, shelter and health so, the study is aimed to study about problems of education in rural area such as social, economical, educational, political, administrative, and lack of physical infrastructure. The India is divided in three communities like urban, rural and tribal and rural community is developing community in India so the real India live in rural community, this saying is as true today as it was when the country got independence 75 years back. As more than half of the population of the country lives in rural community, rural development is an eminent factor for the development of our economy. The crucial motivating factor for the development of the economy in today’s time is education field. Such as in the body of human being liver is responsible for the proper functioning of the body, in the same way education acts a backbone for the economy of country. To explore this significant role of education in India especially in rural community of India, therefore, this paper tries to explain the present condition of rural education, failures of rural education and problems being faced by the rural education. It also focused on the suggestions for improving the education system in rural areas. Keywords: schools, problems, challenges, rural area, education
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Vikas Rawal (2011) “Statistics on Elementary School Education in Rural India”Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. Rachel Williams (2013) “Why girls in India are still missing out on the education they need” ASER (2013), “Annual Status of Education Report (Rural)”ASER Centre, B-4/54, Safdarjung Enclave, Near Kamal Cinema, New Delhi, 15 January 2013, pp. 65-67.

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PHYSICAL AND MENTAL PURIFICATION THROUGH VIPASSANA

Jayesh R. Jadhav

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2022 | Volume/Issue:10/72 | Page No.: 17443 - 17447

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Modern life moves so quickly that there isn't even time to breathe. Science, business, political structures, and other areas of human endeavour have advanced dramatically. They are seeing an upsurge in mental illness, delinquency, crime, drug addiction, alcoholism, and suicide, among other things, despite their advancements in these domains. Social issues have always existed, ranging from straightforward family or community conflicts to tribe hostilities, and later to state rivalry and global warfare. The energies of hatred, greed, and ignorance that dwell in each of our individual minds are the root of all of these issues. The worlds inside and outside of him or her are in perpetual conflict with one another. So suffering is a widespread issue for humanity. The disease is universal; therefore, the treatment must be as well. Such a solution is provided by vipassana. Therefore, the answer is found on a personal level. Vipassana's contribution to the current social issues thus seems to be threefold: it purges the mental defilements that motivate us to act improperly so that we do not compound the issues and suffering in our community. Vipassana is a special method for achieving inner harmony and calm on an experiential level. Through intense meditation, the great Indian teacher Gautama the Buddha developed this method. He then gave it to the hurting people with a lot of love and compassion. Keywords: Vipassana, mental defilements, inner harmony, meditation
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Viliam, H. (2012). The Art of Living. Dhammagiri, Maharashtra: Vipassana Vishodhan Vinyas. Ch’an Master Huang-Bei Tuan-Chi (2002). The Dharma of Mind Transmission. Taiwan: The Corporate Body of the Buddha Educational Foundation.

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VIVEKANAND KENDR KI STHAPANA KA EITIHASIK PUNARAVALOKAN

Atul Kumar & Bharat Kumar Panda

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2022 | Volume/Issue:10/72 | Page No.: 17448 - 17455

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https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/govt-announces-winners-of-gandhi-peace-prize-for-2015-2018-in-hindi-1547703105-2 https://khabar.ndtv.com/news/india/vivekananda-center-gave-one-crore-rupees-of-gandhi-shanti-puraskar-to-families-of-pulwama-martyrs-1999604

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AUGMENTED REALITY TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING -LEARNING OF SCIENCE IN SCHOOLS

Mr. Sachin Kumar & Sambit K. Padhi

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2022 | Volume/Issue:10/72 | Page No.: 17456 - 17466

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Science education today is committed to producing human resources that have superior competencies and can compete in the global era. This is in accordance with the 21st-century education development paradigm, where learning outcomes of science are directed at critical thinking and problem-solving skills, creativity and innovation, collaboration and communication skills, and skill at using media, information, technology, and communication. Hence, it is believed that the adoption of Augmented Reality (AR) in science learning could improve interest, motivation and ultimately helps students to provide both conceptual and practical experiences in and around the subject of science. The purpose of this paper is to present a view of Augmented Reality (AR) technology as a significant tool for learning and teaching various subjects in general and science in particular. The review showed that Augmented Reality (AR) technology provides many affordances for Science learning; however, it is not ready for total integration into science classes. The paper also provides practical suggestions for activities enriched with Augmented Reality (AR) in science skills and recommended applications. This paper also offers various implications of AR technology around the teaching-learning process. Keywords: Augmented reality, Science Education, Augmented reality for Science learning, Augmented reality for Science teaching.
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Akcayir, M., Akcayir, G., Pektas, H. M., & Ocak, M. A. (2016). Augmented reality in science laboratories: The effects of augmented reality on university students’ laboratory skills and attitudes toward science laboratory. Computers in Human Behavior, 57, 334-342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.12.054 Antonioli, M., Blake, C., & Sparks, K. (2014). Augmented reality applications in education. The Journal of technology studies, 96-107.

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PRATHAM VA DVITIY VARSH B. ED. VIDYARTHI SHIKSHKANCHYA BHAVNIK BUDDHIMATTECHA TULNATMAK ABHYAS

Anil Narayan Nighot & Rajmane Kastur

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2022 | Volume/Issue:10/72 | Page No.: 17467 - 17473

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REFLECTION OF DEMOCRACY IN BUDDHISM

Dipty Subba

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2022 | Volume/Issue:10/72 | Page No.: 17474 - 17480

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Despite the rapid advances made by civilization in this century, the most immediate cause of our present dilemma is our undue emphasis solely on material development. Today we have abandoned to foster the most basic human needs of love, kindness, cooperation and caring. We have lost the essential humanity that is our foundation. Buddhism is a way of life. Buddhism is not thinkable without the towering figure of the Buddha. It is also an attitude. From these two features stems the uniqueness of Buddhism in the world. It has flourished in a diversity of forms, while repeatedly renewing, through study and practice, its roots in the teachings of the Buddha. This kind of pluralistic approach, in which individuals themselves are responsible, is very much in accord with a democratic outlook. As a spiritual community its cohesion has sprung from a unifying sense of brotherhood and sisterhood. This paper is an attempt to draw attention to democracy and democratic values in Buddhism and also to bring forth the remarkable contributions of Buddhism in this aspect. Keywords: Buddhism, Democracy, Democratic Values
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Stobdan, P. (February 19, 2016). Asia’s Buddhist Connectivity and India’s Role. Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses. Ratnapala, N. (1997). Buddhist Democratic Political Theory and Practice. Colombo: Sarvodaya Vishva Lekha Publishers. Thurman, R. (2006). Buddhism has many principles that fit with democracy.

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ARREST VIS-À-VIS FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT OF CONSTITUTION OF INDIA: A STUDY

Gadge Satish Govindrao & Vijeta Shitalabaksh Singh

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2022 | Volume/Issue:10/72 | Page No.: 17481 - 17486

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An attempt has been made by the research scholar to study the relevant statutory provisions under the Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 for arrest, and for protection and violation of the fundamental rights guaranteed under the Indian Constitution. The researcher has observed some irregularities for the arrest procedure and thereby custody. The police authority sometimes arrests persons unnecessarily to threaten and without following the procedure. After the arrest they inflict the torture to the arrestee. There are number of examples and cases in India. Even the Human rights Reports and other NGOs reports also reveals the same, which needs to be curtailed. The accountability of the police machinery for every arrest must be increased. Therefore the researcher has made an attempt to study the provision of arrest given under the Criminal Procedure Code 1973, and the Fundamental Rights enshrined under the Constitution of India. Keywords: Arrest, Fundamental Rights, Article 20(3), Article 21, Article 22 of Constitution of India, Criminal Procedure Code, 1973.
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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PROFESSIONAL ATTITUDE OF M.ED. STUDENTS STUDYING IN GOVERNMENT-AIDED AND SELF-FINANCED INSTITUTIONS

Porf. Ramendra Kumar Gupta & Rakhi Gupta

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2022 | Volume/Issue:10/72 | Page No.: 17487 - 17492

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Quality education depends upon the quality of teachers. Teacher education plays an important role in the development of quality education. The National Council for Teacher’s Education has the responsibility to continuously strive for improving the quality of teachers’ education in the country. It is essential to have a professional attitude towards any profession. My objective of this paper is to compare the professional attitude of M.Ed. students towards the teaching profession. It is a survey study. The normative survey research method is used. “Teaching attitude inventory” by S.P. Ahluwalia is used for the research. The test is administered on the sample of 100 M.Ed. students of government-aided & self-financed colleges. The mean scores are considered and the ‘t’ value is calculated to find the difference in the professional attitude of M.Ed. students of government-aided & self-financed colleges towards the teaching profession. Findings are that M.Ed. students (male & female) belonging to aided & self-financed institutions do not differ significantly in their professional attitudes. Keywords: Teaching profession, Teacher Education, Attitude, Professional attitude, Self-finance, Government-aided college.
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Beverly and June Rada (1988). The Effect of Years of Experience and other Selected Variables on Attitudes of Teachers Towards Aspects of the Teaching Profession. Don't Diss. Dissertation Abstract International. 1989. Vol. 40(5) Bhargav Anupma, Dr. Pathy M.K. (2014) Attitude of student teachers towards teaching profession. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education--TOJDE July 2014 ISSN 1302-6488 Volume: 15 Number: 3 Article 3

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ROLE OF IMPLEMENTING AUTHORITIES UNDER POCSO ACT IN INDIA

Ms. Darekar Jyoti Pratap & Ms. Singh Vijeta Shitalabaksha

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2022 | Volume/Issue:10/72 | Page No.: 17493 - 17502

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Every country needs laws for securing safety and security of its citizens. For achieving the desired outcome and for the effective implementation of these laws, there has to be an efficient machinery. There are several departments or sections whereupon different roles are assigned. More often, for implementation of one Act there could be one or more machinery required. Effectiveness and success of each Act depends on these machineries. Every person who works under any such section/department needs to be sensitized apart from his/her expertise. Since recent past whole world has noticed that there were increasing number of cases of violence committed against children. Apart from other forms of violences, children were found sexually abused too. Similarly it is seen that the offences are committed across the borders of the nation also. The National Crime records also consistently showing increasing number of criminal sexual offences committed against children. Therefore, at international level efforts have been taken and declarations were entered into. India is one of the signatory of these declarations and optional protocols. Therefore, in the year 2012, new legislation has been enacted for protecting children from sexual offences. This Act is known as The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 20121. It is clear from the title of the Act that it is in respect of protecting children from sexual offences, therefore the key functionaries apart from Government are Police, Medical officers, Courts and support persons. As one of the special feature of this Act, it has clothed some responsibilities on media, studios and also on the public. There are also some stringent provisions made for non-fulfilling the duties by these authorities. In spite of this, still number of sexual crimes committed against children is increasing day by day. Therefore, it is necessary to study about the duties assigned to these various functionaries and if there are any lacunas. Children are future of our nation and we have to do every possible efforts to provide them safe and secured environment. Therefore, it is most important to take a review about all these functionaries, as such they plays a pivotal role. Hence this topic has been selected for the research. Keywords: Court, Special Court, special public prosecutor, District Child Protection Unit, Expert, Special Educator, Registered Medial Practitioner, media, Support Person and Commission for Protection of Child Rights.
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The protection of Children from Sexual Offences Atc, 2012 came into force from 14-11-2012 vide S.O. 2705(E) dated 09-11-2012. The Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989. Article 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, anad 17 of Convention on Righst of Child, 1989. Ibid 1.

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THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MULTIMEDIA PACKAGE IN LEARNING TENSE FORMS IN ENGLISH AMONG THE STUDENTS OF IX

Mrs. Mangaiyarkarasi. P.

Received Date: 08/12/2022 | Accepted Date: 08/09/2022 | Published Date: 09/01/2020

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2022 | Volume/Issue:10/72 | Page No.: 17503 - 17511

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This study examined the effect of multimedia package teaching strategy on student’s achievement in zoology at XI standard students. It also examined the differential effect in achievement among IX standard students. The study used two groups pretest-posttest equivalent-groups design, 50 students for adopting for the present research. English tense forms (ETF) Test developed by the researcher and validated by experts was used for the present study. Students taught using multimedia package strategy achieved higher scores and significantly better than those taught using conventional (lecture) method. The study recommended among other things that since multimedia package is found to be an effective strategy and enhanced achievement among IX standard students, teachers of this subject should accept it as one of the strategies they can use in zoology classroom.



AGARWAL J.C., Teacher and Education in a Developing Society, 1995, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi-110014.AGARWAL D.R., Advanced Mathematics and Statistics for Economics, 2005, Vrinda Publications (P) Ltd., Delhi-110 091.

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WELFARE SCHEMES AND THE INDIAN ECONOMY

Pranjal Bahri, Akshat Agarwal, Nipun Agrawal, Maanya Khurana, Tanvi Surapaneni & Sunidhi Patil

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2022 | Volume/Issue:10/72 | Page No.: 17512 - 17517

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India has made a lot of strides in economic growth over the past decade. However, the country is yet to reach a stage where its citizens are self-sufficient and for it to be called a developed nation. Even though its economy is expanding, poverty continues to remain a significant problem. According to a World Bank document released in April 2022, 10.2% of Indians were living in severe poverty (defined as making less than US$1.9 per day) in the year before the COVID-19 pandemic. During the fiscal year 2021, the poverty rate had gone up to as high as 12% even though it dropped to around 10% by the end of the next financial year. Although this number still seems high, the incredible 11.9% drop in this rate from the year 2011 cannot be ignored. This massive drop has been attributed to the various welfare schemes that have been initiated and implemented by the government to particularly provide those from lower socio-economic backgrounds with access to resources. This paper will through light on this aspect of the society.
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Schemes | Department of Financial Services | Ministry of Finance | Government of India https://www.qualtrics.com/au/experience-management/research/secondary-research/?rid=ip&prevsite=en&newsite=au&geo=IN&geomatch=au

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CURRENCY WAR- REASONS AND REPERCUSSIONS

Pranjal Bahri

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2022 | Volume/Issue:10/72 | Page No.: 17518 - 17528

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Currency war or competitive devaluation is a situation in which countries try to gain a trade advantage over other countries by causing the exchange rate of the domestic currency to fall in relation to other currencies. Every country would want to prosper, but why does it depreciate its currency? There are 3 reasons: Firstly, to boost the exports. Secondly, to reduce the trade balance deficit and thirdly to reduce the debt burdens. It is a global phenomenon and has various positive and negative impacts. For developing countries, it is a loss situation at the time of implementation of currency and loss of competitiveness as well as removal. It might sound different, but a strong currency necessarily does not serve in a nation's best interests. Today value of one dollar is equal to seventy rupees. If India wants it could bring down the value of dollar in comparison to rupees by tweaking its economic policies, but this will reduce India’s profit which it earns from various sources such as IT exports, FDI, Tourism etc. Therefore, India does not appreciate its currency and likewise every country has its system. This paper with through light on why currency war is there and what will be its repercussions on us
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Alexandra Esmel (2020) Currency Wars: The Need for International Solutions, Denver Journal of International Law and Policy.vol.23 no 4. Kimberly Amadeo (2022) Why Global Currency Wars Aren't as Dangerous as They Sound, Currency Wars and How They Work, Daily Excelsior

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THEATRE IN EDUCATION – OPINION OF PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS ON EFFECTIVENESS OF THEATRE ACTIVITIES IN CLASSROOMS

Mohammed Sareef K. & Noushad P. P.

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2022 | Volume/Issue:10/72 | Page No.: 17529 - 17537

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The current education system not doing anything for understanding students or helping them in problem solving skills. It provides nothing but only a usual information package to those who pass through the gateways. It is better to diversifying the teaching strategies rather than changing the curriculum for solving this issue. The Theatre Activities which can be used in classrooms are extremely useful in this matter. The theatre has accepted a new approach for creating a bond between classroom learning and drama instruments. The major goal of this attempt is to modify the knowledge, attitude and behaviour of students. The People who have acquired sufficient training are considered as prospective teachers hence, they must be familiar with teaching strategies like Theatre Activities. It is a study conducted among prospective teachers for their opinion about the effectiveness of Theatre Activities. It includes the opinion of prospective teachers about the effectiveness and possibilities of Theatre Activities. The findings of the study reveals that most of the prospective teachers have good awareness about the learning strategies using Theatre Activities. This study reveals that it is very effective to use of Theatre Activities in the classroom for developing good relationship, leadership qualities and multiple intelligence among the students and usage of Theatre Activities are very effective for diversity in classroom and to sustain the learning interest among students. Keywords: Theatre in Education, Prospective Teachers, Theatre Activities, Teaching Methods
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Bolton, G. M., & Heathcote, D. (1999). So You Want to Use Role Play. Staffordshire, UK: Trentham Books Limited Boal, A. (1985): Theatre of the Oppressed. New York: Theatre Communication Group

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RACIAL DISCRIMINATION SOCIAL ISSUES IN PRESENT INDIA

Rachita Subrat Ratho

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2022 | Volume/Issue:10/72 | Page No.: 17538 - 17543

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Persistent racial inequality in employment, housing, and a wide range of other social domains has renewed interest in the possible role of discrimination. And yet, unlike in the pre-civil rights era, when racial prejudice and discrimination were overt and widespread, today discrimination is less readily identifiable, posing problems for social scientific conceptualization and measurement. This article reviews the relevant literature on discrimination, with an emphasis on racial discrimination in employment, housing, credit markets, and consumer interactions. We begin by defining discrimination and discussing relevant methods of measurement. We then provide an overview of major findings from studies of discrimination in each of the four domains; and, finally, we turn to a discussion of the individual, organizational, and structural mechanisms that may underlie contemporary forms of discrimination. This discussion seeks to orient readers to some of the key debates in the study of discrimination and to provide a roadmap for those interested in building upon this long and important line of research. Keywords: Racism, ethnic discrimination, white skin, social stain, dalits, North East, caste progressive, dark skin
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Times of India, 2020, October, Nine states have 54% Dalits and see 84% crime against SCs. Archit Sharma, 2020, May. Why Northeast Indian Face Racism in its own country? Vijaita Singh, 2021. April, North East citizen faced racial discrimination amid COVID-29 outbreak, says Govt Study.

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VIDYARTHI BODHANIK KSHAMATA ABHYAS

Prof. Prakash Jagtap

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2022 | Volume/Issue:10/72 | Page No.: 17544 - 17547

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CHANGING OF TEACHER EDUCATION IN THE GLOBAL SCENARIO

Devarja Y

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2022 | Volume/Issue:10/72 | Page No.: 17548 - 17555

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Teacher education has recently been described as having entered a ‘new era’. Although there exists much consensus amongst academics, politicians, parents, teachers and other educational stakeholders that quality teaching is important in order to improve pupil learning. It is well known that the quality and extent of learner achievement are determined primarily by teacher competence, sensitivity and teacher motivation. The National Council for Teacher Education has defined teacher education as – A program of education, research and training of persons to teach from pre-primary to higher education level. Teacher education is a program that is related to the development of teacher proficiency and competence that would enable and empower the teacher to meet the requirements of the profession and face the challenges therein. Pupil come to teacher education with beliefs, values, commitments, personalities and moral codes from their upbringing and schooling which affect who they are as teachers and what they are able to learn in teacher education and in teaching. Helping teacher candidates examine critically their beliefs and values as they relate to teaching, learning and subject matter and form a vision of good teaching to guide and inspire their learning and their work is a central task of teacher education, so teachers need to know how to take the steps necessary to gather additional information that will allow them to make more grounded judgments about what is going on and what strategies may be helpful. More importantly, teachers need to keep what is best for the student at the center of their decision making. So, teacher education like any other educational intervention, can only work on those professional commitments or dispositions that are susceptible to modification. While we can‘t remake someone‘s personality, we can reshape attitudes towards the other and develop a professional rather than a personal role orientation towards teaching as a practice. This paper throws its light on the importance, issues and measures to be taken to maintain the quality of teacher education…..
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Apple, M.W. (2008), Is deliberate democracy enough in teacher education in M. Cochran-Smith, S. Feiman-Nemser, D. John McIntyre, & K. E. Demers (Eds.), Handbook of research on teacher education: Enduring questions in changing contexts (3rd Edition, pp. 105 – 110). New York, USA: Routledge. H, R. (2021). A Study on Awareness of Life Skills Among B.Ed. Student-Teachers of Kuvempu University. An International Refereed, Indexed & Peer Reviewed Bi-Annual Journal in Education, 7(2), 10-12

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A STUDY OF PROFESSIONAL VALUES AMONG PRIMARY TEACHERS

Dnyaneshwar J. Bhamare

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2022 | Volume/Issue:10/72 | Page No.: 17556 - 17559

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Nagarajan R.S., (2006), ‘Professional Ethics and Human Values’, Mumbai: New Age International Publishers. Raghavan, (2009), ‘Human Values and Professional Ethics’, New Delhi: S. Chand Publishing.

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SACIAL MEDIA AND VALUES

Sushil Kumar Dadhwal

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2022 | Volume/Issue:10/72 | Page No.: 17560 - 17564

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Researchers have focused widely on how the media affect children's behaviors, both prosaically and antisocial. But they have paid little attention to the moral lessons children learn from the media that may be underlying these behaviors. Our society today is taking on new values that are at loggerheads with the time tested and religiously accepted principles of our society, a large part of the responsibility for which must be borne by the television commercials (henceforth TVCs) and the unethical practices of the business and corporate houses, which sponsor them.Every day, one comes across innumerable images and commercials for various products. This excessive amount of media in our day-to-day lives cannot be side lined and affects all those surrounded by it. The world is changing rapidly today and in its footsteps, our core values are changing too. The last two decades because of globalization have seen an unparalleled change, which has expressed itself in the form of diminishing community values. Social values are being eroded, moral values have become fragmented and the society is facing an unprecedented cultural evasion. Children can readily find stories about violence, sexual promiscuity, theft, and greed in a variety of media outlets including fictional programming, reality shows, rap music, and the Internet. Almost no research, however, focuses on how the media shape children's moral development.
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Asemah E.S., & Edegoh, L.O.N. (2012). Social media and insecurity in Nigeria: A critical appraisal. Being a paper presented at the 15th National Conference of African Council for Communication Education, which took place at the conference hall of Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria. Boyd, D. M. (2010). Social network sites as networked publics: Affordances, dynamics and implications. In Z. Papacharissi (Ed.), A networked self: Identity, community, and culture on social network sites. New York: Routledge.
NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY 2020: AN EVALUATION

Brijesh Kumar Sharma & Tanu Gupta & Sharma B. K.

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2022 | Volume/Issue:10/72 | Page No.: 17565 - 17570

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The term NEP refers to the New Education Policy adopted by the Indian government in the year 2020. It was last drafted in 1986 and updated in 1992. To bring changes in the education system, the present government of India has introduced National Education Policy or NEP. The NEP posses new 5+3+3+4 design of pedagogical structure. The most important change in the pedagogical structure is the fact that there is going to be an effort to avail the students to study across arts, humanities, sciences, sports and vocational subjects. It is an student focused policy. For the students who are currently in grade school or have been in so, a special mission-based dedication and remediation will be provided for their cause. Furthermore, several goals are to be noted such as maintaining a 30:1 pupil teacher ratio at all schools, encouraging parental participation. Keywords: NEP, Pedagogy, Basic Education, University Education, Pupil- Teacher Ratio
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Sahu D. : Every hour, one student commits suicide in India, HINDUSTAN TIMES (Aug 4, 2020, 11:39 PM), in-india/story-7UFFhSs6h1HNgrNO60FZ2O.html Tyagi P.: The National education Policy , Rawat Publications Agra Up Unified District Information System for Education, National Informatics Centre (NIC), India Radhakrishnan V.: What is the dropout rate among schoolchildren in India?, THE HINDU (Aug 8, 10:14 AM), Here’s Why You Can Rejoice Over the New NEP. And Why You Cannot, THE WIRE (Aug 8 ).

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CLEFT BETWEEN THE JATS AND RAJPUTS DURING MUGHAL PERIOD

Sudeepmala

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2022 | Volume/Issue:10/72 | Page No.: 17571 - 17577

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The Jats formed a large chunk of population in northern India. Our concern is their growing power over a considerable area which raised them from peasants intozamindars. They later adopted activities of freebooters. They started creating disturbances in close proximity of the capital. During the later Mughal period they gradually became turbulent and the source of Imperial concern. The geography fiimishes us important information such as condition of the soil, course of rivers, location of hills, forests, rainfall, climate, its vegetation, which reveals their deep economic interest lies in this area. A tussle ensued to gain control over this area among the Jat, the Raja of Amber and the Mughal Emperor himself which sustained for a considerable time. the Jats and Rajputs confronted because both were growing in authority and consequently wanted to assert their supremacy. The tussle fiirther enhanced because of the worthwhile Jat Belt on which Amber Raja had his eyes in order to expand and consolidate his home territory. Since the Jats were losing their territory at the hands of Amber Raja, they posed large scale devastation to express their rage.
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Memoirs of Wendel, op. cit., p. 197; A.H. Bingley, History, Caste And Culture of Jats And Gujars, Revised with Introduction By K.P.Bahadur, Ers Ers Publication, New Delhi, Ain-i-Akbari, Vol. Ill, Eds. Nawal Kishore, Lucknow, 85-94. History, Caste And Culture of Jats And Gujars, 29-30. Rebels to Rulers, op. cit., p.l22. J. H. Hutton, Caste in India- Its Nature, Function and Origins, Fourth Edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford House, Bombay Vir Singh, The Intensity of Peasant Movement in Brij Region Between 1686-1695, Vol 1, Economic Life And Polity Of North And North West India, Eds. Vir Singh, New Delhi, 2006,p.l 10, cf Ganga Singh, Bharatpur Ka Itihas, Part I, p.395-397. Rebels to Rulers, op. cit. p. 169-172. History, Caste And Culture of Jats And Gujars, op. cit. p.30-52. The Intensity of Peasant Movement in Braj Region Between 1686-1695, op. cit. p. 105-109. S.P Gupta, Agrarian Conditions In The Territories Of Jats- A Case Study Of Pargana Kol, Vol I, Economic Life And Polity Of North And North West India.

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DEEDS AND DREAMS OF SWAMIVIVEKANANDA

Dr.Balbir Singh Jamwal

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2022 | Volume/Issue:10/72 | Page No.: 17578 - 17607

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In This research paper an attempt has been made to find out the Deeds and Dreams of Swami Vivekananda. Vivekananda emphatically advocated the spread of universal mass education. Vivekananda is an ardent lover of the masses and he desired sincerely to improve their wretched condition through education. Vivekananda sincerely believed that a nation could rise only by paying proper respect to women and raising their status. Vivekanada laid emphasis on self teaching or self-learning. As regards medium of education, Vivekananda strongly advocated the mothertongue. . Vivekananda’s Philosophy of education ultimately aims at the cultivation of the soul. ‘Divinity of man’ is the core of the social philosophy of Swami Vivekananda. Vivekananda’s philosophy is a song of this struggle, a virtual marching song of the soul. Vivekananda made attempts to uplift the common mass from ignorance, bondage, superstitions etc. Vivekananda showed the real nature of religion which is nothing but the manifestation of divinity within i.e., God realization. In a very short life span of thirty nine years, he inspired his brothers and sisters to fight against all kinds of injustice and evil practices of the society. For upliftment of the downtrodden and women Vivekananda used education as the only reliable tool.Vivekananda’s doctrine in the happiness of the many consists in the happiness of the individual, in the good of the many lies the good of the individual shows the way of integrating individualism to socialism.A deep penetrative study of the eventful life and the glorious deeds of Swami Vivekananda reveal his wonderfully generous and broad heart and his profoundly deep feelings for all irrespective of any distinction.Vivekananda once says that he does not believe in reform, he believes in growth.His sense is that he did not want any piece-meal reform in Indian society. He did not try to separate untouchability from the society by setting any rigid rule.Vivekananda gave maximum importance to education in developing our all round facultiesVivekananda reiterates that religion is the inne rmost core of education. However, by religion, he does not mean any particular kind of its but its essential character.Vivekananda declares liberty as the first condition of growth. According to Vivekananda religion is not in books.
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CAREER ASPIRATION OF STUDENTS AT FORMAL OPERATIONAL STAGE OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

Taruna Malhotra & Mona Malhotra

Received Date: 25/08/2022 | Accepted Date: 31/08/2022 | Published Date: 01/09/2022

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2022 | Volume/Issue:10/72 | Page No.: 17608 - 17619

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 ‘Formal operational stage of cognitive development’ is of foremost importance in a students’ life and career is a major part of one’s life upon which the future life is determined. Aspiring for a particular type of career depends upon multiple factors like inclination, preferences, attitudes, opportunities. motivation and many more.  The current study sought to investigate the various elements of career aspiration of students at formal operational stage on the basis of gender. The sample included 230 students of class IX selected from the city of Rohtak in the state of Haryana. Career Aspiration Scale (CAS) was administered to ascertain the difference on dimensions of Career aspiration viz. dedication, motivation, preparation, self-confidence and realization in terms of gender. Descriptive statistics were applied to examine the data. The analysis revealed that boys and girls have no significant difference regarding dedication, motivation and self-confidence, the three dimensions of CAS but for preparation and realization, they differ on the basis of gender



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Jacintha Kerketta's Poems express tribal pain and suffering

Dr. Kuldeep Singh Meena

Received Date: 25/08/2022 | Accepted Date: 31/08/2022 | Published Date: 09/01/2002

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2022 | Volume/Issue:10/72 | Page No.: 17620 - 17629

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PORTRAYAL OF BENGALI SOCIETY IN THE FIRST NOVEL PRATHAM PRATISRUTI BY ASHAPURNA DEVI

Malaykumar J. Joshi

Received Date: 25/08/2022 | Accepted Date: 31/08/2022 | Published Date: 01/11/2022

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2022 | Volume/Issue:10/72 | Page No.: 17630 - 17633

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INFORMATION LITERACY FOR LIBRARIAN IN HIGHER EDUCATION

Shewale D. G.

Received Date: 25/07/2022 | Accepted Date: 31/08/2022 | Published Date: 01/09/2022

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2022 | Volume/Issue:10/72 | Page No.: 17634 - 17637

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The present paper overviewed the definition and concept of Information literacy with parameters of identifying information literate persons. The various programmes like orientation programme, in-house publications, display of new arrivals carried out under the information literacy activities by libraries in higher education have greater impact on their readers and creating awareness among students as well as teaching community. The authors focused on the skills or competencies that are required to conduct information literacy programme for librarians. How the librarians can play an important role in providing quality services as well as teaching learning programme with the help of information literacy activities in library is outlined here.



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ATTITUDE OF INVESTORS TOWARD INVESTMENT IN MUTUAL FUNDS

Dr. Noaman Khatib & Shital Aashish Vakilna

Received Date: 25/07/2022 | Accepted Date: 31/08/2022 | Published Date: 01/09/2022

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2022 | Volume/Issue:10/72 | Page No.: 17638 - 17648

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A Mutual Fund is an investment vehicle that collects funds from investors and invest into equities, bonds, government securities, gold and other investment avenues. Through digital media and other traditional media, the awareness about Mutual Funds has drastically raised among the investors. The present study aims to find out the preferred method through which investment is done into Mutual funds and the preferred type of investment into Mutual Funds of the investors. Also to know the factors that are considered while investing into it. The study concludes that SIP (Systematic Investment Plan) is the most preferred method of investing into Mutual Funds. Equity funds is the most preferred type of investing into Mutual funds. The most important criteria while investing into Mutual Funds is higher returns followed by creating corpus and tax savings.



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RASHTASANT TUKADOJI MAHARAJ YANCHE SAMAJIK KARY: EK ADHYAYAN

Prof. Kartik Patil

Received Date: 25/07/2022 | Accepted Date: 31/08/2022 | Published Date: 01/09/2022

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2022 | Volume/Issue:10/72 | Page No.: 17649 - 17655

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A BRIEF HISTORY OF MONGOL PERIOD IN IRAN

Javed Siddiqui & Dr. M. A. Siddiqui

Received Date: 25/07/2022 | Accepted Date: 31/08/2022 | Published Date: 01/09/2022

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2022 | Volume/Issue:10/72 | Page No.: 17656 - 17667

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The Mongol period in Iran is divided into two phases. The first phase of invasion began in 1219 under the leadership of Changez Khan from Utrar, a town under the dominion of Kharzam Empire which fell in 1220 after a seize of five months. Thereafter, Samarqand, the capital of Kharzam Shahi Empire in 1220, Bukhara, Khorasan, Herat, Nishapur and Marve etc. all one by one went in the hands of Mongols. Thus, by 1221, the Changez Khan’s campaign against Kharzam Shah completed.  The second phase of Mongol invasions of Iran, began under the leadership of Halaku Khan from 1256, with military campaign against Assassins and ended with the sack of Baghdad in 1258.Both phases of the invasions of Mongol were brutal and highly destructive in nature. In these invasions innocent peoples were killed, towns and cities were ruined and plundered, scholars were killed and libraries were destroyed. However, in the second phase, after establishment of Ilkhanate in 1256 by Halaku Khan, Iranian officials and scholars were involved in the administration and thus, for the first time Mongols and Iranians came into close contacts which helped in rebuilding Iran and in rehabilitating Iranian people. Halaku Khan was appointed the first Il-khan who run the daily administration of Ilkhanate under the supervision of Great Khan. After Halaku died in 1265 his successors ruled over Ilkhanate till 1335.Among the Il-khans of Iran Halaku Khan, Abaqa Khan and Ghazan Khan are most famous for their works to keep the Ilkhanate intact and for bringing peace and prosperity in the country



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