India is a country with numerous distinct cultures. Each area of India has its special way of doing things, like clothes, food, dancing, music, art, and more. This makes India a very diverse place, with loads of specific customs and traditions. When a student learns about things, it is easier for them to recognize if they see examples from their very own area. India's rich cultural heritage is like a treasure chest of local knowledge for learners. It helps them understand things better and feel connected to their roots. Many educators and official committees have emphasized the value of incorporating local knowledge into the education system. The National Education Policy of 2020 also underlined the importance of teaching students about their own culture as a means to foster their holistic development. Additionally, this policy talks about teaching students different subjects together and suggests that when we train teachers, we should also teach them about our culture and traditions. In this paper, we aim to demonstrate how teacher education programs integrate local knowledge and cultural elements, and we'll also explore the benefits that arise from this approach.

Keywords- Teacher Education Programme, Indian culture, Education.

Bohra’s are descendants of a section of Ismailis who seceded in the early 12th Century announcement following a disagreement over race of their thirteenth Imam, Al- Mustansir, also caliph of Egypt's Fatimids (1094). Now as per the moment’s script Bohra’s are generally largely educated, thriving business people and good professionals in multitudinous fields. Adding up to around 1 million members, the Bohra’s have settled in over 40 countries across the globe to exercise their faith and lead meaningful and prosperous lives. The Bohra’s are united by a set of centuries old principles; an unvarying commitment to the faith, a genuine love for the countries in which they live, a belief in the value of society, education, women’s commission, engagement with other faiths, physical health and well- being, and a responsibility to watch for the terrain and all brutes that dwell within it. Bohra’s have always been pious and law- abiding citizens wherever they live. They've maintained cordial relations with all manner of governments with an end of fostering harmony and goodwill. From Mughal emperors to the British Raj as well as with ultramodern day political parties, the tribune have looked for common ground on which to lay the foundations for collective understanding that can lead to betterment for all. The Bohra community is unique mix of religiosity and fustiness along with the way they contribute appreciatively towards the development and substance of the places they live in gives them a special place wherever they may live. The present conceptual paper is to focused on Study of Genital mutilation affecting females within the Bohra community in India with prime aims (i) To understand the concept of Genital mutilation. (ii) To discuss the Genital mutilation affecting females within the Bohra community in India (iii) To analyse the importance of Genital mutilation affecting females within the Bohra community in India.   The methodology of the research is a different type involving an interpretative, conversation, observation and study secondary sources, like books, articles, journals, thesis, university news, expert opinion, and websites, etc.

Key Words: Genital mutilation, Bohra community

The concept of stocks and bonds trade in the Nigeria oil sector has been a major hub of discussion whenever the state of the nation’s economy is being discussed by local and international investors. Thus, this research buttressed the challenges bedeviling this critical sector, bearing in mind the enabling statutes and policies of government regulating the sector. Also, this research major significance is breaching the gap of communication and easing the understanding of the entire concept for the general populace and potential investors. While the major objective of is to explore the constraints faced by potential investors and the possible remedy. The major challenges surrounding the whole sector are ignorance, nepotism and corruption, which gave room to all sort of complexities; one will be left to the only pragmatic approach which will be tilted towards the doctrinal method with the use of secondary based source and legal analysis. What dashed out the hope of potential investors in the stock markets participation is uncertainty and security of investment. And the appropriate remedy for this malady is sound legal and regulatory framework.

Keywords:- Stocks, Bonds, Public sector companies, Oil companies, legal and regulatory framework.

The present abstract exploration concentrated on the study is to bandy the Organ Donation and Social Work Intervention. Organ donation is the process when a person allows an organ of their own to be removed and scattered to another person, fairly, either by concurrence while the patron is alive or dead with the assent of the coming of kin. likewise, it's the process of allowing the junking of one’s organ for its broadcasting in another person. also, organ donation can fairly take place by the concurrence of the patron when he's alive. Also, organ donation can also take place by the assent of the coming of kin of a dead person. There has been a significant increase in organ donations due to the advancement of medical wisdom. Social work intervention is the engagement a social worker has with an individual, family, group, or community that they're helping. The present paper focused on the study of Organ Donation and Social Work Intervention with prime objectives are 1.To understand the Status of Organ Donation in India. 2.To discuss the Challenges regarding Organ Donation and Social work intervention. 3.To discuss the Benefits of Organ Donation for Social work Intervention.

 The methodology of the research is a different type involving an interpretative, conversation, observation and study secondary sources, like books, articles, journals, thesis, university news, expert opinion, and websites, etc.

The expansion of educational development has tremendously taken place in the last few decades. The number of schools, colleges, and universities has risen with the addition of privately owned schools and colleges. Traditional educational organizations are concentrating on modern methods of imparting education. Eventually, the traditional mode of imparting education has transformed into a distance mode of education. The teaching skills required for the traditional mode of teaching–learning practices have now been replaced by newer teaching skills. In the traditional mode of the teaching–learning process the teaching skills are called ‘Micro – teaching Skills’. These are put into practice as the student – teacher masters over the content related to education. The teaching skills are crucial as they give an idea of how a human being learns. These skills do not reveal the expertise of teaching a particular subject or domain but give a general idea of how to teach the candidates effectively. Hence they are common to all areas where training is imparted. To cater to the demands of education from the ever growing population the traditional mode of imparting education is not enough. Hence Distance Education mode came into existence. Such a mode of education is student centric as it caters to the needs of the students on priority basis. Distance Education evolved to serve those who cannot attend regular college hours at fixed place and a time. They are mostly working adults with an aspiration to acquire higher education. They cannot educate themselves as conventional students at a conventional campus. Distance Education becomes comfortable to the courses imparted through the traditional mode. In the traditional mode Micro – teaching skills start with set induction skill, to explanation skill, questioning skill, preparation of audio – visual aids skill and class control skills. These skills are to be revised for the distance educators.

Key words – Distance education, Adult education, teaching skills.

Mahatma Gandhi, an influential personality of the twentieth century had a profound impact on the contemporary world. His work in fighting a freedom struggle was witnessed with constant work on uplifting the downtrodden and improving social conditions in India. Gandhi’s education ideas are plaited with his central ideals of Ahimsa, Satyagraha, Sarvodaya and Swadeshi. This article seeks to trace the central thoughts of Mahatma Gandhi that shaped his vision and his ideas on education.    

Keywords: Gandhi, Ahimsa, Satyagraha, Sarvodaya, Basic Education, Wardha scheme of Education  

All human being are born free and should have equal right and dignity to live in the society. Human being should not be depriving of these specified or enacted human rights. It shall conclude that every human being whether he/she be an adult or minor shall have equal rights in the country. Such rights are specified by Indian govt. before independence when UN Declaration of Human Right formed and later which was prescribed by Indian govt. in Part-III of Art.12 - Art.35 in the Constitution of India in post-independence period. Each prisoner shall have some basic rights whether he is an adult offender or a minor or juvenile offender. Indian govt. has separated the juvenile offender from adult or aged-heinous criminal. Because juvenile are in that age when he has done some crime for which he/she shall have repentance and their age is such minor that they have their longer remain in life. The inmates will have better life if they get proper rehabilitation; training and education program before send them to the society. Govt. has made separate cell for civil and criminal offender and they also have right to live with dignity and shall have also some basic and fundamental right as prescribe by the govt. the civil and criminal both kind of inmates shall not be deprived from such prescribe right during the Covid-19 pandemic situation. The paper will explore whether the govt. shall take special care of the inmates by giving proper nutrition, sanitization and regular health check up during covid-19. This paper will also highlight some special precaution of the correctional home as the third wave of Covid-19 may hit the low aged inmates especially in the coming month as stated by the medical bulletin.

Keywords: Juvenile, Juvenile home, Pandemic, Human Right, Rehabilitation, Sanitization Inmates, Correctional Convention and Quarantine

This research paper critically examines the environmental nuances in Amitav Ghosh's renowned novel, The Hungry Tide (2004) , through the lens of Ecocriticism, an English literary theory that explores the relationship between literature and the environment. The novel unfolds in the Sundarbans, a unique ecosystem fraught with ecological complexities, and serves as a rich canvas for analyzing the relationship between humanity and nature. Through ecocritical analysis, the researcher has studied Ghosh's portrayal of environmental components, investigating how the story addresses topics such as biodiversity, climate change, and the ethical consequences of human-nature interactions. The study utilises an ecocritical approach to interpret the symbolic importance of the Sundarbans, the portrayal of local ecological knowledge, and the wider environmental values encoded in the text.

Keywords: Environmental concerns, Ecocriticism, Ecology, Deep ecology

              The origin of music in the primary state of man was a natural process. Human beings found the sound from nature. Listening to these natural sounds, he tried to replicate and use them for his own self-expression. Man tried to create sound from his vocal chords and other available things such as wood, stone, bones of animals, etc. After a gradual process of developing these sounds, rudimentary instruments were created. Using own vocal chords, human beings produced basic vowels and consonances, this in further several thousand years, developed as language and then man started expressing communicating with language. Music and language are the two sides of the same coin in development of human culture. But it is sure that human beings experienced music before language as he used natural sounds and his own vocal chords much before the origin of language. Here we are going to have a brief survey of music as in folk form, which played a multiple role – it symbolized the human society and culture as it was the simple way of entertainment and celebration; and also was a medium of expression to communicate his feelings and thoughts. The folksongs expressed the primal emotions of human beings with simple words and simple tunes. As the culture grew up with complicated patterns of living style, the folk music also became complicated or became formulized and codified.

The abstract highlights the persistent concerns of Naxalism in Uttar Pradesh, contextualizing its historical origins from the Naxalite movement rooted in Marxist ideologies. While not as dominant as in other states, sporadic Naxal activities persist, particularly in eastern regions bordering Bihar and Jharkhand. The abstract outlines the geographical landscape of affected districts, notably Sonbhadra, emphasizing its transformation through developmental initiatives and increased investment, curbing Naxal influence. It explores the current scenario, where sporadic incidents prompt the government's response through security measures, developmental projects, and community engagement. Challenges like socio-economic disparities, historical grievances, and ideological appeal contribute to Naxalism's relevance, necessitating a holistic approach for inclusive development and sustained security measures. It also scrutinizes the strategies adopted by the state government and law enforcement to combat Naxalism, assessing their effectiveness and implications. The conclusion underlines the need for collaborative efforts between central and state governments to counter Naxal resurgence, focusing on inclusive growth and responsive governance.

The objective of this study is to identify and understand the specific challenges faced by students, particularly those from Marathi Medium Schools, in learning English vocabulary. Through comprehensive feedback from English Language Teachers, several key difficulties were identified. These include the differences between the written and spoken forms of English, the extensive volume of words to be learned, limitations in available sources of information about words, the intricacies of word knowledge, challenges in pronunciation, and issues in sentence formation. The study suggests that traditional methods of teaching English are insufficient for addressing these challenges. As a solution, it proposes the introduction of innovative teaching methodologies, emphasising the use of multimedia tools such as the Diksha app, educational videos, and varied reading materials. This approach aims to foster greater interest and engagement among students, particularly those from non-English backgrounds, thereby enhancing their English language skills. The study underscores the importance of adapting teaching strategies to the unique needs of learners to improve their language acquisition and proficiency.

Advanced innovations have in a general sense adjusted the nature and capacity of media in our general public, reevaluating age old practices of open correspondence and on occasion dodging conventional media and testing its special job as watchmen of news and diversion. We realize the world is evolving. What's more, we accept look into necessities to change as well. In this research we talked about how new media scene has permanently adjusted how individuals collaborate with one another, how networks are framed, how conclusions are shared. This scene is innovation driven and innovation empowered, and has occasioned key moves in the manner in which purchasers consider their general surroundings and about brands. The research means to investigate and comprehend the effect of advanced innovation on our customary media and discover how these advances are empowering media experts around the globe in their individual zones. The attention is likewise on the utilization of computerized innovation in broad communications and its effects on our general public and the trust on new innovations.

Keywords: Media Perspective, Traditional Media, Digital Technology, Communication.

Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) is an artistic practice that occurs in several societies and is rehearsed in India by some Islamic groups. The Bohra is one side of Islam in India known for their practice of FGM, with other Bohra sets reported as partaking in practices of FGM as well. The procedure constantly occurs at the age of seven and involves" all procedures involving partial or total junking of the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs.". The process is generally performed by a traditional guru using a cutter or a blade and can range from Type I to Type IV. The consequences of FGM take on a wide range and can gauge from discomfort to sepsis and have also been identified with cerebral consequences, similar as post-traumatic stress complaint. The content of FGM has remained largely controversial and has garnered both support and opposition for the practice due to its roots in artistic and religious practices. transnational sweats have replaced to raise mindfulness on practices of FGM, and cases have been made to ban similar practices in India. In opposition, Dawoodi Bohra women have argued for the procedure, citing their religious and artistic freedoms as means for its authorization. Despite legal sweats to ban FGM practices in India, it has not been honored as current in India and remains legal. The present conceptual paper is to focused on Study of FGM practices in Bohara community in India with prime aims (i) To understand the concept of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM). (ii) To discuss the Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) within the Bohra community in India.  (iii) To analyse the awareness of about Female Genital Mutilation (FGM)within the Bohra community in India. 

The methodology of the research is a different type involving an interpretative, conversation, observation and study secondary sources, like books, articles, journals, thesis, university news, expert opinion, and websites, etc.

Key Words: Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), Bohra community

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Approximately 5% of breast cancers are due to a heritable predisposition.  This predisposition is due to one of the high risk breast cancer genes BRCA1 & BRCA2.  A further proportion of cases arise as familial breast cancer, in the presence of a less striking family history.  The morphological features of BRCA1&BRCA2 genes differ from each other & from sporadic breast cancers.  Patients with BRCA1 mutations shows as excess of medullary a typical medullary carcinoma.  However, multifactorial analysis shows that BRCA1 mutations have a high mitotic count, pushing tumour margins& lymphocytic infiltrate.  But patients with BRCA2 mutations show an association with tubular /lobular carcinoma, but not sustantiable in a large Breast Cancer Linkage Consortium study.  BRCA2 mutations in multifactorial analysis show pushing of tumor margins only.  This recent finding of pathological aspects of BRCA1 & BRCA2 means that in addition to bilaterality & family history, a pathological element can enter into the risk calculation for the presence of BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations.  This pathological & morphological analysis will facilitate the mutation testing to families with positive result & subsequently implications for clinical management of these families.

This research paper is based on a study conducted to explore the perception of teachers towards participation of CWSN in curricular activities. This survey-based study deals with two objectives such as to study the perception of secondary school teachers about participation of CWSN in curricular activities; and to explore support services provided by the teachers to promote participation of CWSN. A sample of one hundred and three (N=103) teachers was selected from fourteen (N=14) secondary schools of Khordha District through purposive sampling technique based high density of CWSN. Data were analysed through quantitative mode using percentage. The findings revealed higher participation of CWSN in curricular activities as reported by all the teachers (100%). But the frequency of participation of CWSN was low except teaching learning practices. All secondary school teachers (100%) have reported that, CWSN participate in various curricular activities. It was interesting to find that, All the teachers (100%) consider curricular activities are significant for all round development of CWSN and provide support to CWSN for their participation in curricular activities. Apart from this the study found that more than half of the teachers prefer special schools over inclusive schools for better participation of CWSN in curricular activities and cited various reasons for this.  The teachers also revealed various challenges faced by them.

Blended learning, as the name suggests, is a combination of two types of learning. One is the traditional, in-person form of class, and the other is the use of fast-developing technology. In modern classrooms, some parts of the syllabus and classroom activities are conducted traditionally while the rest is conducted online. Blended learning is an innovative concept. This is the resolution that exists between classroom and ICT supported learning leverages the benefits of traditional learning in both offline and online learning. This includes collaborative learning, creative learning and computer-assisted learning (CAI). Blended learning requires hard efforts, right approach, good budget and highly motivated teachers and students for its successful implementation. Since it involves diverse mediums so it is complex and a difficult task to organize. The present paper discusses the concept of blended learning, its main features and the feasibility of its implementation. The scope of blended learning in the Indian educational system is also discussed. The present paper also tries to explain that blended learning is an approach that needs to be adopted.

Mind Mapping as a creative process was introduced as a culturally relevant pedagogy aimed at enhancing the teaching and learning experience in an education. A mind map is a creative thinking tool that can combine text, color, graphic images, lines, and symbols for visual representation. This can not only sort out the logical framework, but also help diversify people's thinking, cultivate people's innovative thinking, make users' thinking more active, and improve their ability to analyze and solve problems. Through interactions with Mind Mapping students are very artistic and visual and enjoy group-based activities. Now, the effective use of mind maps can also enhance the user's memory, good interactive students centric learning experiences, improve learning and work efficiency, and solve problems creatively and efficiently. Teachers can better plan their teaching with the help of mind maps and arrange the content of class time reasonably and effectively.

The present paper focused on Mind Mapping-Based Instruction (MMBI) for Student Engagement Outcomes with prime objectives are (i) To understand the concept of Mind Mapping-Based Instruction (MMBI)  (ii) To illustrate the Importance of Mind Mapping-Based Instruction (MMBI) in the Teaching Learning process. (iii) To discuss the benefits of using Mind Mapping-Based Instruction (MMBI) in daily classroom.