This study sought to determine the influence of home environment on students’ participation in public day secondary schools in Makueni County. The study employed concurrent research design of mixed methods methodology. Target population was 250 principals, 380 Form 4 class teachers, 250 PA chair persons and 108 area chiefs. The sample size included 50 principals, 76 class teachers, 50 PA chairpersons and 20 chiefs, making a total of 196 research participants. Data was collected using questionnaires, interview schedules and document analysis. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential analysis and presented using frequency tables and graphs. Qualitative data was analyzed thematically and presented using narratives. Descriptive statistics used were mainly mean and standard deviation while inferential statistics used were both correlation and regression analyses. Pearsons’s correlation coefficient was used to determine association /correlation between home environment and student’s participation in public day secondary schools in Makueni County. Bivariate regression analysis was used to show the influence of home environment on students’ participation in public day secondary schools in Makueni County. The study established that home environment positively and significantly influenced students’ participation in public day secondary schools in Makueni County, Kenya. Thus, the study concluded that home environment was a significant family-based determinant of students’ participation in public day secondary schools in Makueni County. The study recommends that parents/guardians of students in public day secondary schools should strive to create favourable home environment where their children can learn without disruptions for instance, avoiding alcohol, drugs and substance abuse, solving conflicts in an amicable way and maintain family stability.

Key words: home environment, Students’ Participation, Public day Secondary Schools, Makueni County, Kenya.

Junior College is a stage in education that includes adolescent learners some of whom are learning to deal with their gender and sexual identities amidst an environment that is largely heterosexist and patriarchal. Such learners may not necessarily be open about their sex and gender identity and there exist very few avenues for them to seek clarification within educational institutions. The school environment has tremendous potential to become nurturing grounds for LGBT students to be their authentic selves but it would be necessary to first dispel ignorance and confusion among educators themselves. This article explores ways in which an educational institution can become sensitive to gender-based needs and build a school climate that promotes wellness, inclusion, equity, and diversity. The well-being of all learners in an inclusive school environment will help to promote unity and a healthy understanding of diversity.

Keywords: Comprehensive sexuality education, Gender, Gender audit, Gender inclusion, Sex

Tribal people form a major segment of the world population. They are found all over the world. They are called by different names such as "primitive, 'tribal,' 'indigenous,' 'aboriginal,' 'native,' and so on. India has a large number of tribal people. According to Ralph Linton tribe is a group or bands occupying a contiguous territory or territories and having a feeling of unity deriving from numerous similarities in a culture, frequent contacts and a certain community of interest. L.M Lewis believes that tribal societies are small in scale are restricted in the spatial and temporal range of their social, legal and political relations and possess a morality, a religion and world view of corresponding dimensions. Characteristically too, tribal languages are unwritten and hence the extent of communication both in time and space is inevitably narrow. At the same time tribal societies exhibit a remarkable economy of design and have a compactness and self-sufficiency lacking in modern society. The tribal societies in India are considered as the weakest sections of the population in terms of common socio-economic and demographic factors such as poverty, illiteracy, lack of developmental facilities.

Keywords:   Lephripara, Urbanization, Tribal economy, Paddy, Mahua, Horse gram

Personality type plays a significant role in how individuals navigate social interactions and manage. Stress, and approach academic challenges. By examining how different personality traits impact students' adjustment to the demands of senior secondary school, educators and policymakers can better identify potential areas of difficulty and implement targeted strategies for support. By investigating the interplay between personality type and gender in the context of senior secondary school adjustment, this study aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the factors influencing students' academic and socioemotional well-being. For the present study, the investigator adopted the Survey method and selected 1200 senior secondary school students as samples. Mean, Standard Deviation, and t-test were the statistical techniques used for analysis of data. The study revealed that there is no significant difference between the adjustment scores of introverts and extroverts in senior secondary school students. Further, this study suggests that gender does not play a significant role in determining adjustment levels among students.

School and community are interdependent and interrelated to each other. School is the deliberate product of the community and a good community is also a product of good school. Therefore, all the activities of the school should be by the community, for the community, and of the community. Considering its importance, the 73rd and 74th constitutional amendment has given ample power to the community to exercise its power for the development and management of the school. In the words of NCF-2005, 73rd and 74th constitutional amendments and the institutional statutory space they provide for local community to participate in decision making in education for their children, are important developments”. Similarly, RTE Act, 2009 has also strongly and located for the participation of the community in the management of the school. On the other hand, SMC is constituted by the members of the community. Thus, the SMC members, being the representative of the community members are getting involved with the management process of the community, there by the relationship between school and community is getting closer.

Urbanization, particularly in developing countries, has led to the rapid growth of cities and the emergence of slums. Industrial towns like Asansol-Burnpur attract large numbers of people seeking employment. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of urban planning strategies in mitigating the growth of slums in industrial towns, focusing on Asansol-Burnpur in West Bengal, India. Specific objectives include analyzing the spatial and temporal variation of slums, assessing the socio-economic conditions of slum dwellers, identifying the causes of slum development, evaluating the effectiveness of various urban planning strategies, and providing recommendations for policymakers. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining primary and secondary data collection. Primary data was gathered through field surveys and structured questionnaires administered to slum residents, alongside interviews with local government officials and NGO representatives. Secondary data sources included census data, satellite imagery, and reports from municipal and governmental agencies. Statistical analysis using SPSS and GIS mapping tools were utilized to analyze and visualize the data.  The study concludes that while some urban planning strategies have shown promise, comprehensive and integrated approaches are needed to effectively mitigate slum growth. Policies should focus on improving access to basic services, enhancing infrastructure, promoting sustainable development practices, and ensuring community participation in urban planning processes.

Preference for son and prenatal sex-selective abortion is gender-based violence. Sex selective foeticide is basically a consequence of sexist attitudes and institutions of Indian society. There is preference for male child by parents especially in north western states of Haryana and Punjab in India. These states that have experienced quite rapid economic development in recent decades show lowest sex ratio in India. Sons are considered to be security for old age. They are preferred because they are considered to have a higher wage-earning capacity (especially in agrarian economies) and they continue the family line. On the other hand, discrimination against girls in India is related to dowry and patriarchal family systems. For centuries, son preference has led to postnatal discrimination against girls. This discrimination against women has become so embedded in Indian society that some families would rather not have daughters at all. Persistent son preference and the spread of prenatal sex determination technology have led to the practice of prenatal sex selection thus making the juvenile sex ratios highly masculine. In spite of the fact that Government of India has banned these tests, there is a wide misuse of modern sex-selection tests today, spreading from large cities to smaller towns to villages, and from more affluent groups towards the lower strata of society. There is a nexus between Doctors, health workers and families who don’t want daughters in this misdeed. Additionally, advocates of population control with cynical logic of ‘Fewer women = Lesser Procreation’ have placed Indian women in the category of ‘endangered species’. An attempt has been made in this paper to focus on causes of declining sex ratio and its adverse social consequences.

The influx of international students pursuing higher education has increased substantially over the past few decades, fostering cultural diversity within educational institutions. While studying abroad offers numerous opportunities for personal and academic growth, it also presents a spectrum of challenges for international students [1]. This research paper aims to comprehensively explore the multifaceted challenges faced by international college students, encompassing social, academic, cultural, and psychological dimensions. Through a review of existing literature, surveys, and interviews, this study seeks to shed light on these challenges and propose strategies for addressing them, thereby enhancing the overall experience of international students in higher education settings.

The present study examined the causes of unusual behaviors and the behaviors that led to the termination of such behaviors in a fifth-grade student. The researcher observed a girl consistently falling behind in her studies and avoiding school activities. She often refused to go to school, was brought back by his parents and punished at home. The classroom teacher was concerned about her withdrawal symptoms, as she often cried at school and sometimes ran away leaving her things behind. To address this, extensive data were collected from her family, peers, and community members. His academic and co-curricular activities and previous academic records were reviewed. Data collected were systematically analyzed to identify root causes. Based on these findings, a comprehensive intervention program was developed to relieve the symptoms of withdrawal.After the intervention, the child showed significant improvement: active participation in school activities, engaging behavior, and positive attention-seeking behavior. Her academic performance improved and her confidence, motivation, and responsibility increased.The use of humor and engaging communication proved highly effective. The research highlights the importance of taking a supportive and communicative approach in dealing with children’s behavioral challenges, leading to dramatic positive changes in the child’s learning and personal development.

This paper aims to explore the reasons behind career breaks among professional women, the challenges they face in balancing job responsibilities with family duties, and the suggestions they offer to address these issues. Utilizing a survey methodology, both closed-ended and open-ended questions were employed to gather comprehensive data from a sample of 120 professional women. The sample demographics include 45.9% of women aged 25-35, 40.5% aged 35-45, 10.8% aged 45-55, and 2.7% aged 55-65. Findings indicate that women from middle-class families are more likely to experience pressure to take career breaks compared to women from rural areas, who often lack social and financial stability. The survey results highlight a significant gender gap in terms of basic equality and quality of life, which exacerbates the challenges women face in maintaining continuous professional careers. The study reveals that societal expectations, childcare responsibilities, and the absence of supportive workplace policies are key factors contributing to career breaks. The respondents provided various suggestions for mitigating these issues, including the implementation of flexible working hours, increased access to childcare facilities, and enhanced parental leave policies. This paper contributes to the understanding of the intricate dynamics between professional and personal lives of women, offering insights into potential strategies for creating more supportive work environments that can help women sustain their careers alongside family responsibilities.

               Teaching is regarded as both an art and science. As an art, it lays stress on the imaginative and artistic abilities of the teacher in creating a worthwhile situation in the classroom to enable students to learn. Teaching is not a cup of tea to drink easily; it is process where teachers role and mastery of subject matter and mastery of pedagogy of teaching. Today teaching-learning process get weakling due to lack of innovative methods of teaching and lack of usage of multimedia instructional materials in teaching learning process. The present research paper high lights about to study the significant impact of Multi-media instructional approach on the performance of Social science, it also focuses how the level of intelligence and problem solving ability impact on performance of students in social science.

The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between digital literacy and attitude towards ICT of senior secondary level students with reference to gender, locale and stream. Descriptive research method was employed in this study. A group of 600 senior secondary level students (300 male and 300 female) was taken as participants through stratified random sampling method those were represented urban and rural locality of district Meerut in same ratio i.e. 300 students were taken from urban locality and 300 students were taken from rural locality. A group of 600 students was equally distributed into three streams i.e. Science, Arts and Commerce. Thus, 200 students of science group, 200 students of Arts group and 200 students of commerce group were taken under the sample units in the present study. Digital literacy scale and a scale for assessing the attitude towards ICT were constructed by investigator. For the analysis of data, percentage, mean, standard deviation and C.R. value were obtained in the present study. It is concluded that positive and significant relationship were found between digital literacy and attitude towards ICT of students with reference to gender, locale and stream.

The China-Pakistan nexus is a long-standing strategic relationship between the two countries that has grown in strength and intensity since the 1950s. This relationship has farreaching implications for India's national security. First, it explores the impact of the ChinaPakistan nexus on India's national security and provides suggestions for India to counter the effects of this relationship. Then it proceeds to analyse the two countries' military, economic and diplomatic ties. This paper further examines how India can respond to the China-Pakistan nexus, focusing on enhancing its economic, military, and diplomatic capabilities and improving its relations with other regional powers. Finally, it discusses the future of the China-Pakistan nexus and its potential implications for India's national security.