The present study was conducted to see the mathematical errors committed by primary school students. The major objective of the study was to find out the errors in addition, subtraction, multiple, division, decimal, fraction, percentage, profit and loss and rate of interest committed by the primary school students on mathematics. The sample of the present study has been selected simple randomly from the primary school students of Gautam Budh Nagar of UP. The finding of the present study revealed that more than twenty five percentage of primary school students committed mathematical errors in addition, subtraction, multiple, division, decimal, fraction, profit and loss and rate of interest.

Key Words: Mathematical Errors, Primary Schools Students

This paper argues that it is time to think differently about assessing the role of Information Communication Technologies in the implementation of distance education programs in Kenyan public universities. The first section addresses the question, "What is the place of Media/ICT in DE?" The second section examines the purpose of distance education.  This paper discusses some of the roles of information communication technologies in distance education. The contents include: a discussion of factors affecting the teacher\\\'s role, which looks at teacher education and the lack of training provided in the use of educational technology, staff development and how retraining teachers in various aspects of technology can be accomplished to enhance the implementation of distance education programs in Kenyan universities.  

Ānāpāna Meditation was taught by the Gautama Buddha, which was the first preparatory step for learning Vipassanā.  It is a simple technique where one observes the natural breath-as it is. In the Pāli language, Āna means in-coming breath, Apāna means out-going breath. The people of Thailand are not aware about the educational implication and importance of this Ānāpāna meditation. In this research study the researcher wants to focus the brightness of light over educational implication of Ānāpāna meditation. This research study is classified into Quantitative data and Qualitative data, so such type of research study comes under mixed type of research Methodology. It was found that the Buddhist Ānāpāna Meditation Programme is effective in improving the concentration and memory of the students.  2. It was found that the Buddhist Ānāpāna Meditation Programme is effective in improving the academic achievement of the students.  3. Opinions of the Students, Teachers, Parents, Director, Children Course Teachers and Dhamma Workers towards the Buddhist Meditation programme are positive and in favour of the Buddhist Ānāpāna Meditation.  Key words: Effectiveness, Buddhist Meditation Programme, Concentration, Memory    

The Study was intended to investigate the significance of difference in the Academic Achievement of Scheduled Caste and Non-scheduled Caste Adolescents. Sample of the study consisted of 754 (377 Scheduled Caste and 377 Non-scheduled Caste) of 10+1 students of Rural Government Schools of Punjab. Marks obtained in Science by the Adolescents in the Matriculation Examination of Punjab School Education were used as the data. The results of the study showed that Academic Achievement of Non-scheduled Caste Adolescents was significantly higher as compared to Scheduled Caste Adolescents. Key Words: Comparative Study, Academic Achievement, Scheduled Caste, Non-Scheduled Caste Adolescents  

Mahatma Gandhi’s name requires no introduction because of his invaluable contribution to the national liberation movement of India. It was he who awakening millions of people on the strength of non-violent activities, engaging them to an action, challenging the mighty empire of the world, ultimately threw the yoke of slavery. Those who believed that not a single country in the world history had achieved its freedom except by violent means, the action of Mahatma Gandhi compelled them to re-think and also to change their mentality. His reputation as a true nationalist as well as an internationalist shines like sun itself, but in the academic sense of term, he is not considered a great scholar or an educationist. We have not been enlightened by his views on education or on the problems relating to it, through any particular book written by him. Even there is no special research article available, which could have given us a glimpse of his ideas or suggestions on education system, except his occasional articles on the future of education in India written in a very simple and light manner. The same thing applies to the views he expressed on the subject now and then.  Despite this fact, the few articles that Mahatma Gandhi has written in the simplest manner, and the views he expressed on education as a common man are of utmost importance; they provide us a guide line to proceed towards value education. Not only this, if we apply them even in the modern perspective, they can, definitely, give a new dimension to our education system.    

Pupils anticipate success and failure of an event based on their past experience. Its a general tendency that pupils enjoy the activities only if they receive any positive reinforcements or due recognition. This study is to findout the perceived success and flow state among high school students. Perceived Success Rating Scale and Flow State Rating Scale were used to collect data. The sample consisted of 300 high school students studying  in chennai schools .  Responses were received and analyzed through SPSS 15.0. Descriptive analysis and Differential analysis were used. Results showed significantly positive relationship between Perceived success and Flow state among high school students Key words: Perceived success, Flow state  

India is in a transition from a society in which education was a privilege of a small minority to one in which it could be made available to the masses of people. The immense resources needed for the programme can be generated only if education is related to productivity. A basic distinction between traditional and modern societies is the development and use of the latter of science based technology, which helps modernization of agriculture and development of industries. The State Government has accepted the policy of vocationalization of education in the State of Kerala. The modern vocational and technical education in Kerala has root in the past. Even during the Sangam age, there was some kind of vocational and technical education, practiced in the state. As the present study is an attempt of analyses the strength, weakness, opportunity and threat of vocational courses at higher secondary stage, the investigators adopts normative survey method for the present study. Qualitative analysis was employed for analysis of data obtained through documents, observation schedule and interview schedule.  Key words: swot analysis, vocational courses, kerala.   

The teacher–student relationship is viewed as integral to successful teaching and learning but, outside of a few exceptions, ethical boundary issues in this relationship have not been explored. The purpose of this study was to examine teachers’ perspectives of their relationships with their students as well as how they described and negotiated relationship boundaries. This case study, conducted in a B. Ed college under IP university that RCIT and in-service students of IGNOU, and designed to document examples of ethical dilemmas faced by pre-service and practicing teachers, to explore pre-service teachers’ perceptions of ethics education and to examine the B. Ed course curriculum for ethics subjects across the one-year and two year degree course. Results highlight a need for teacher training courses to include ethical philosophy units. This represents a sustainable way to support professional practice and enhance teacher quality, by preparing and equipping teachers with techniques to explore and teach complex ethical issues in the classroom and ultimately it will help the teacher to create a concussive environment within the college which is needed for best learning.  Key Words: outweighing, dreaded, perchance, transitioning, notoriety, vulnerable, myriad  

Yoga is Indigenous activity; Yoga has been accepted by human Society for its innate values towards the improvement in human health originated of India. Yoga has more impact on various physiological systems.                        The study was designed to investigate the effect of Yoga exercises on selected physiological variable of School girls. To achieve the purpose of Girls were selected from N.H. High School Nanded as subjects they were divided into two groups i.e. Control Group & Experimental Group. Control Group was not given any specific training practice. Experimental Group assigned Yoga for 12 weeks. Criterion variables were Blood pressure, Respiratory rate, Heart rate, Vo2 max. All the dependent variable were assessed before & after training period of 12 weeks. Analysis of covariance was assists to find out the post test mean difference among the treatment groups. Yoga group showed significant reduction in systolic blood pressure (CD=0.68, P<0.01), significant reduction in respiratory rate (C.D. = 0.78, P<0.01), significant reduction in pulse rate (C.D. =0.61, P<0.01) & significant improvement in vo2 max (C.D. =0.56, P<0.1).Control Group did not show any significant differences in all variables. Keywords: Yoga Exercise, Physiology    

Achieving the Education for All (EFA) targets and Millennium Development Goals will be impossible without improving access to and quality of education for children with disabilities. It is a binding on Indian government as well, being a signatory to UNCRPD.  MHRD (2006) in its SSA framework clearly states that “SSA will ensure that every child with special needs, irrespective of the kind, category and degree of disability, is provided education in an appropriate environment. SSA will adopt zero rejection policy so that no child is left out of the education system. It will also support a wide range of approaches, options and strategies for education of children with special needs” The advent of technology and open and distance learning could go a long way in widening accessibility to education for the majority of children and/or people with disabilities, flexibly so that the learning process can go on. These groups may be able to access materials from home, which is seen as the safest, least expensive as well as least restrictive environment. In line with these and other considerations, the present paper tries to discuss issues and strategies needed with regard to education and rehabilitation of CWSN through ODL systems. Once the support infrastructure is in place, distance learning offers a viable flexible alternative for teaching students with disabilities . Keywords:Open and Distance Learning Systems, Education, Rehabilitation, Children with Special Needs  

This study provided essential information; about the effect of visual imagery improved the learning style and cognitive style of the students. Visual imagery is reported to play a central role m stress disorder... This investigation examined visual imagery ability in students with varying degrees of state anxiety and different cognitive styles. Methods A sample comprising 100 higher secondary students were chosen for the study. Before finalizing the final form of the tools and collecting data for the main study, a pilot study was attempted by giving learning style questionnaire to 200 students. From this 50 students with visual learning style were picked up and given 4 weeks training of Visual imagery. After that their state anxiety and cognitive style scores were taken and the data were analyzed and interpreted. Conclusions: 1. There was a significant impact on state anxiety and intuitive cognitive style scores. 2. Visual learning style scores were significantly improved after the training. 3. There was a significant relationship between visual leaning style with intuitive cognitive style  Key Words:   Visual Imagery, Cognitive Style, Learning style. State anxiety  

This research paper aims at studying Image of India reflected in the poems of Nissim Ezekiel (14 December 1924 – 9 January 2004).   I propose to study what way Nissim Ezekiel has depicted the picture of India as it is with her culture, People, system, belief, myth superstitions etc. As he prefers to live in India, his loyalty and love always remain with India. I have been very much fascinated by his genuine affection towards India and decided to explore the image of India described by him. I also wish to propose to study diction used by him in his poems. In a jovial tone the poet has deliberately used the typical Indian English, for instance swadeshi English or Babu Angrezi. The poet is also aware about the common mistake of Indian people in common English usage. How Indian people are habituated to speak in present progressive tense frequently. Myth making nature is an essential aspect of the Indian psyche and it is better described in the select poems of Ezekiel.   In this paper I have used the word image for reflection of Indianness. As peace and non-violence are essential ethos of Indian value system, Ezekiel somehow touched upon this area which also manifests his love towards India. So this study of peace and non-violence in Ezekiel’s poems, in Indian context, would also come under my research area. With the purpose of emphasizing Indianness, he chooses to depict some common Indian scenes. Conceptually Ezekiel is a writer who does not glorify the image of India but wants improvement in the existing condition to bring the “Ram Rajya” in the Nation; rather he is very hopeful about the India. He prefers to live in India. It also shows his genuine love for India.   Key Words: Nissim Ezekiel, Indianness, Babu Angrezi, Indian English, Love for India.    

The historic town ShriAnandpur Sahib is a city in Rupnagar district in the state of Punjab, India. It is located on the lower of the Himalayas surrounded by attractive natural scenery with the river Sutlej. Hola Mahalla is presently the biggest festival at Anandpur sahib. We personally visited the place and interviewed many tourists, pilgrims and local peoples in March 2012 during & after the festival. We found that local community and visitors of the festival face a lot of problems during this festival and after the festival. They thought something would have to happen in ShriAnandpur sahib during the Hola Mahalla festival in order to make the town more attractive and to give the best facilities to tourist, pilgrims and local peoples. That can be an issue of municipality by making it a clean city and DMOs (Destination Management Organizations) in sense of developing it as a planned city for avoiding rush, stampedes and problems faced by local community and visitors also.Next few paragraphs look into some statistics, geography and organisation of festival. Keywords: Holla-Mohallal, destination management, and marketing of destination  

In today’s world there is large amount use of computer especially for web application. Most of the people do their transaction through web application.  So there are chances of personal data gets hacked then need to be provide more security for both web server and database server. For that double guard system is used. The double guard system  is used to detect  & prevent attacks using Intrusion detection system. This system prevents attacks and prevents user account from intruder from hacking his/her account. By using IDS, system can provide security for both web server and database server using mapping of request and query. An IDS system that models the network behavior of user sessions across both the front-end web server and the back-  end database. This system able to search for in a place (container) attacks that previous DoubleGuard would not be able to identify. System will try this by isolating the flow of information from each web server session. It  quantify the detection accuracy  when system attempt to model static and dynamic web requests with the back-end file system and database queries. For static websites, system built a wellcorrelated model, for effectively detecting different types of attacks. Moreover, system showed that this held true for dynamic requests where both retrieval of information and updates to the back-end database occur using the web-server front end.  Keywords – Session, Session Id, Query String, Ids  

Globalization has redefined the constituents and drivers of economic progress over last two decades. The traditional contributors of economic development and economic power such as material resources and production capabilities have been replaced by knowledge and information. Globalization has resulted in significant changes in the knowledge economy and ushered new conditions for the provision of higher education to cater the skill requirement all across the globe. Higher educational services have emerged over the last few years as a major economic sector for trade worth several billion dollars. The key elements of globalization include the knowledge society, information and communication technologies, the market economy, trade liberalization and changes in governance structures. These elements of globalization have impacted significantly the education sector in general and higher education in particular. The present study critically analyzes the growth of higher education sector in India and identifies the major concerns. It also evaluates the preparedness of the country for the opening up its border for foreign institutions.   

In the 21st century, we have many options to do our teaching and learning in better way. Educational Technology has many dimensions of performing things as it’s require.      E-learning to Virtual learning technology create many changes in day to day teaching and learning process from school level to Higher education. Many teachers and students are going to use virtual learning technology for gaining advanced knowledge. The role of internet is also significant for all technologies like E-learning, M-learning (Smart Mobiles, Ipod etc.) V-learning etc.  Keywords: educational technology, technology based learning, e-learning, m-learning, vlearning, Self-paced   

The investigators in the present study  has tried to make the comparison between science & commerce, science & arts and arts & commerce  undergraduate  students on personality traits at Aligarh Muslim University. The sample of the study consisted  of 600 undergraduate  students. 198 students from science stream, 264 students from atrs  stream and 138 students from commerce stream. NEO five factor inventory ( NEO-FFI; by Costa,et.al (1992) was used for  the study . t-test when applied on data revealed that  the result is not  significant at any  level of confidence  among science and commerce students. A significant difference of .01 was found between science and arts students. And a significant difference of .01 was found  between arts and commerce students.  

This paper presents a review of recent trends, challenges and also the practice of English Language Teaching in India. It explores the current practices in an English Language Learning classroom and also the behavior of students in the classroom. The necessity of motivation in the process of learning a second language and also the benefits of a student centered classroom is being briefly brought out. While in the classroom peer group interaction and communication with the teacher in the target language provides opportunities for natural language use. The paper further discusses some of the key issues related to English Language Learning and Teaching. It reflects on how the teaching of English Language is in practice with prime focus on the benefits of a stress free atmosphere to enhance Language Learning.  

This paper,” Importance of Artificial Intelligence Tools” helps us in understanding the real concept of artificial intelligence and the importance of artificial intelligence tools. It gives the awareness of how artificial intelligence (AI) plays an important role in our daily life especially in the case of medicine. This system is working throughout the world as an artificial brain.  In this paper information regarding the tools of AI and it solves the current problems in the field of medicine.  There seems to be many pitfalls in the field of medicine which can’t be resolved b any other means other than AI.  Thus further improvement in the field of AI will be a boon for the development of scientific technology and to researchers, if done as it has to be. There seems to be many cons in the current trend which can be easily solved.  Thus one of the applications of computer science being artificial intelligence solves all these problems and helps in accessing individual patient risk. Key Words: Artificial intelligence, reasoning, tools, robot, cardiovascular disease, medicine.     

Man is an integral ingredient of Physical and Biological World in which he lives. In a broader sense, we may define this physical and biological world as \\\'environment\\\' which consists of biotic (Living) and abiotic (non-living) components. All the physical and biological aspects of human survival involve some king of interaction with his environment. The objectives of these paper are to study the concept of global turbulence, 2) To study the present status of Global Environment, 3) To study how computer becoming growing course of Global pollution. Qualitative  analysis method was used for the present study, The data collected through the secondary resources like Books, Journals, Magazines, Websites. The problems of Global environment is desertification biodiversity population explosion, Global warming & Urban pollution. The most important thing is computer pollution is a growing cause of global pollution. Keywords :Desertification, Global warming, Urban pollution, Computer pollution, pollutants in computer  

Since design for crash energy management requires a system approach, severalmodels would be constructed in parallel to investigate synergy, if any, betweenthe major modes of frontal collisions, namely: 31 mph frontal, 35 mph frontal, and40 mph offset frontal impacts. At this stage, the desired crush sequence andmode will need to be selected and crush zones identified to assure that thestructural pulse parameter can be realized, that is, the force amplitude and themaximum crush distance, as determined in occupant model studies. Also, at thisstage in the design process, parametric studies are conducted in conjunctionwith other parallel design studies, such as packaging and vehicle dynamics toexplore various design alternatives. Keywords: Crash energy management, Crush zones, Occupant model, etc.  

 

 Child Labour is the pattern of engaging children in economic activity for part time or full time basis. This robs children of their childhood. It is detrimental to their physical and mental development. Children in every society have always participated in the economic activities. They have been assisting their families at home, in farms and shops, etc. All work is not bad for children. Some activities do make a positive contribution to their development, prepares them for their future tasks and help them to pass on the traditional skills from one generation to another. Therefore, there is a difference between child work and child labour. The reasons giving birth to child labour are poverty, illiteracy, scarcity of schools, ignorance, socially regressive practices, blind customs and traditions, migrations, corruption amongst employees and government labour organization.  The present study is an attempt to know the reasons of child labour in a modern city like Chandigarh, which is also an education hub in the upper north region of India